Insulin Types & Oral Hypoglycemics MOAs Study Guide

Humalog / Insulin Lispro

rapid-acting

Humulin N / Insulin NPH

intermediate-acting

Humulin R / Insulin regular

short-acting

Lantus / Insulin Glargine

long-acting (once daily dose)

Levemir / Insulin Detemir

man-made long-acting, up to 24 hours of blood glucose control

Tresiba/Insulin degludec

"ultra" long-acting - no peak (once daily dose)

Novolin 70/30 / Insulin: 70% NPH & 30% Regular

intermediate/short-acting, begins to work as quickly as regular insulin, but lasts longer

Novolog / Insulin Aspart

rapid-acting, can eat within 5-10 minutes after injecting

Novolog 70/30 / Insulin: 70% aspart & 30% protamine (NPH)

rapid-acting/intermediate-acting; controls mealtime spikes and works ups to 24 hours to control blood glucose

Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs (general info)

Promotes insulin release, increases insulin sensitivity, or better use of glucose by cells; Uses: DMII ONLY

Sulfonylureas

Promote insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas; second-generation agents in top 300; Use: DMII

Meglitinides

Promote insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas; Use: DMII

Biguanides

reduce hepatic (liver) glucose output while increasing glucose uptake by skeletal muscle; Use: DMII

Thiazolidinediones

Promote better use of glucose by the cells (less glucose free-floating in blood); Use: DMII

Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonists (GLP-1)

Injected hypoglycemic drug that has positive cardiac effects as well, the goal is to increase insulin sensitivity; Use: DMII

DPP-4 inhibitors

Blocks the DDP-4 enzyme, which in turn increases insulin, decreases glucagon, decreases gastric emptying, and decreases appetite. Use: DMII

SGLT2 inhibitors

Makes the kidneys excrete more sugar, lowering blood glucose levels; Use: DMII