AP Human Geography Unit 2.10-2.12

Migration

Relocation of people from one place to another

Voluntary Migration

When someone chooses to migrate

Push Factors

A negative circumstance that makes population want to emigrate

Pull Factors

A positive circumstance that attracts migrants

Immigrant

Someone who moves into a country

Emigrant

Someone who leaves a country

Emigrate

To leave a country

Migration Transition Model

a theory that explains how migration patterns change over time as countries undergo economic and social development

Intervening Obstacles

Barriers that block migrants moving into a country

Intervening Oppurtunites

Opportunities that block someone from moving into a country

Distance Decay

The further the apart two places are, the less interactions (migration) happen between them

Gravity Model of Migration

The size and distance between two places impact the number of interactions between them

Step Migration

Where Migrants reach their final destination through a series of moves

Rural-to-Urban Migration

People from Rural areas start moving to cities, due to the demand of jobs there

Counter Migration

All migrations cause a movement in the opposite direction

Return Migration

When immigrants move back to their original home

Forced Migration

When migration is involuntary

Internally Displaced Persons

Someone who had to migrate within a country to escape persecution or disasters

Refugee

A person who has to leave his or her country to find safety

Asylum

Protection given to immigrants from other countries

Internal Migration

Migration within a country

Transnational Migration

Migration outside of a country

Chain Migration

Migration influenced by previous migrations from people of similar cultures

Guest Workers

Workers who migrate to work

Transhumance

When herders have to migrate to follow animals as they move to different pastures

Guest Worker Policies

Policies that regulate the amount of Guest Workers and how long they can stay for specific industries

Family Reunification

Policies that allow migrants to sponsor family members who migrate to the same country

Xenophobia

Hate towards people of a different culture

Remittances

Money migrants send to their friends and families back in the country they left

Brain Drain

Mass immigration of talented immigrants

Ethnic Enclaves

Local communities that are primarily made of one culture