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Partition
Division of land by imperial powers without local input
Social Darwinism
Belief that strong nations should dominate weak ones
White Man's Burden
Idea that Westerners must civilize others
Imperialism
One nation controlling another
Indigenous
Original inhabitants of a region
Homogeneous
Mostly uniform population
Genocide
Intentional destruction of a group
Isolationism
Avoiding foreign involvement
Dominion
Self-governing British colony
Colony
Territory ruled by a foreign nation
Protectorate
Local rulers, foreign control
Sphere of Influence
Area of economic control by a nation
Motivations for Imperialism
Raw materials, markets, power
Berlin Conference (1884-85)
Europe divided Africa
Belgian Congo
Brutally exploited African colony
British/Dutch South Africa
Rivalry over land and resources
Boer War
Britain vs. Dutch settlers in South Africa
Apartheid
Racial segregation system
Indian National Congress
Group seeking Indian independence
Sepoy Mutiny
Indian rebellion against Britain
Salt March
Gandhi's protest against salt tax
Opium Wars
Wars over opium trade in China
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese revolt against foreigners
Sun Yat-sen
Chinese revolutionary leader
Meiji Restoration
Japan's modernization
Meiji Reforms and Goals
Strengthen Japan, avoid colonization
Monroe Doctrine
U.S. warning to Europe
Ottoman Empire
Declining Middle Eastern empire
The Great Game
Britain-Russia rivalry
Spanish-American War
U.S. gains overseas territory
Panama Canal
Key trade canal controlled by U.S.
Suez Canal
Shortcut between Europe and Asia
Western Arguments Against Imperialism
Immoral and costly
Aboriginals
Indigenous peoples of Australia
British Imperialism in Australia & New Zealand
British settlement and native displacement
Extraterritoriality
Foreigners not under local laws
Unfair Treaties in China
Forced trade, lost control
Unfair Treaties in Japan
Forced trade, later ended by modernization