WH Topic 6 Test

Partition

Division of land by imperial powers without local input

Social Darwinism

Belief that strong nations should dominate weak ones

White Man's Burden

Idea that Westerners must civilize others

Imperialism

One nation controlling another

Indigenous

Original inhabitants of a region

Homogeneous

Mostly uniform population

Genocide

Intentional destruction of a group

Isolationism

Avoiding foreign involvement

Dominion

Self-governing British colony

Colony

Territory ruled by a foreign nation

Protectorate

Local rulers, foreign control

Sphere of Influence

Area of economic control by a nation

Motivations for Imperialism

Raw materials, markets, power

Berlin Conference (1884-85)

Europe divided Africa

Belgian Congo

Brutally exploited African colony

British/Dutch South Africa

Rivalry over land and resources

Boer War

Britain vs. Dutch settlers in South Africa

Apartheid

Racial segregation system

Indian National Congress

Group seeking Indian independence

Sepoy Mutiny

Indian rebellion against Britain

Salt March

Gandhi's protest against salt tax

Opium Wars

Wars over opium trade in China

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese revolt against foreigners

Sun Yat-sen

Chinese revolutionary leader

Meiji Restoration

Japan's modernization

Meiji Reforms and Goals

Strengthen Japan, avoid colonization

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. warning to Europe

Ottoman Empire

Declining Middle Eastern empire

The Great Game

Britain-Russia rivalry

Spanish-American War

U.S. gains overseas territory

Panama Canal

Key trade canal controlled by U.S.

Suez Canal

Shortcut between Europe and Asia

Western Arguments Against Imperialism

Immoral and costly

Aboriginals

Indigenous peoples of Australia

British Imperialism in Australia & New Zealand

British settlement and native displacement

Extraterritoriality

Foreigners not under local laws

Unfair Treaties in China

Forced trade, lost control

Unfair Treaties in Japan

Forced trade, later ended by modernization