IB world religions paper 1

Things to know for paper 1 includes: buddhism, hinduism, islam, Judaism, Taoism

Samsara

The endless cycle of existence and reincarnation in both Buddhism and Hinduism.

Maya

Illusion or ignorance in Buddhism that leads to suffering.

Tanha

Craving or desire that perpetuates the cycle of samsara in Buddhism.

Dukkha

Suffering or unsatisfactoriness experienced in life, according to Buddhism.

Three Jewels

The Buddha (the enlightened one), the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community) in Buddhism.

Four Noble Truths

The core teachings of Buddhism addressing the nature of suffering and the path to liberation.

Middle Way

A balanced approach to life in Buddhism, avoiding extremes of indulgence and asceticism.

Karma

The law of cause and effect, where good actions lead to favorable outcomes and bad actions have negative consequences.

Atman

The eternal soul in Hinduism that is subject to samsara.

Moksha

Liberation from the cycle of samsara and union with the divine in Hinduism.

Dharma

The moral law or duties specific to an individual in Hinduism.

Tawhid

The oneness of God in Islam, the foundation of Muslim belief.

Janna

Paradise in Islam, the ultimate reward for the faithful.

Jahannam

Hell in Islam, reserved for those who disobey God's will.

Mitzvot

The commandments or laws in Judaism that guide ethical and religious behavior.

Olam Ha-Ba

The world to come in Jewish eschatology, often associated with the Messianic age.

Tao

The Way or fundamental principle in Daoism, which represents the natural order.

Wu-wei

Non-action or effortless action in Daoism, allowing things to unfold naturally.

Yin and Yang

Opposite forces that are interconnected and illustrate the duality of nature in Daoism.

Ch’i

The vital life force or energy that flows through all living things in Daoism.

What is the human condition in Buddhism?

Buddhists believe humans are caught in samsara: the endless cycle of existence, characterized by maya (illusion), tanha (craving) and hatred/aversion, leading to dukkha (suffering or unsatisfactoriness).

Where are we going according to Buddhism?

To a favourable or unfavourable rebirth after death, to Enlightenment through entering nirvana/nibbana, to Buddhahood, or to bodhisattvahood (Mahayana Buddhism).

How do we get to Enlightenment in Buddhism?

By acknowledging the Three Jewels, accepting the Four Noble Truths, following the Middle Way/Noble Eightfold Path, following precepts, following the path of the bodhisattva, and developing wisdom and compassion.

What is the human condition in Hinduism?

Hindus believe humans are caught in samsara: the atman (soul) is condemned to an endless cycle of reincarnation as a result of karma (actions).

Where are we going according to Hinduism?

To a favourable or unfavourable reincarnation after death or to moksha (liberation) from samsara and the consequences of karma.

How do we achieve liberation in Hinduism?

By performing actions pertinent to dharma or following one of the yogic paths like Jnana, Bhakti, or Karma.

What is the human condition in Islam?

Humans must strive to submit to the will of God, for without divine guidance, they may stray from the moral path.

Where are we going according to Islam?

For the faithful, to eternal janna (paradise) through obedience, and by disobedience, to jahannam (hell) for punishment.

How do we attain salvation in Islam?

By acknowledging tawhid, living according to the Qur’an and the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, and practicing the Five Pillars of Islam.

What is the human condition in Judaism?

God created humans in his image with free will, leading to choices between yetzer ha-ra (bad inclinations) and yetzer ha-tov (good inclinations).

Where are we going according to Judaism?

Emphasis on observance in this life, with expectations of a Messianic age of peace and a belief in Olam Ha-Ba (the world to come).

How do we achieve readiness for the Messianic Age in Judaism?

By living in accordance with God’s will, obeying mitzvot, and living according to the Shema.

What is the human condition in Daoism?

Tao, the Way, is our original nature; humans have created chaos by departing from the Way.

Where are we going according to Daoism?

We are already at the destination, needing to realize it by becoming fully in accord with the Tao.

How do we achieve living the Way in Daoism?

By living a contemplative life in nature, practicing wu-wei, balancing yin and yang, and releasing Ch’i.

what are the five pillars of islam

shahada, salah, zakat, sawm, hajj.

Shahada

The Islamic declaration of faith, stating that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet or profession of faith

Salah

prayer performed 5 times a day

zakat

almsgiving/charity

sawm

fasting( islam)

haji

pilramige