Urinary System

The opening where the renal artery and renal vein enter and leave the kidney is called the:
a. hilum.
b. ureter.
c. trigone.
d. renal tubule.
e. Bowman capsule.

a. hilum

Urine is expelled from the body through the:
a. renal tubule.
b. ureter.
c. renal pelvis.
d. calyx.
e. urethra.

e. urethra

The filtering units found in the kidneys that are responsible for urine formation are called:
a. calyces.
b. collecting tubules.
c. bulbourethral glands.
d. urinary meatus.
e. nephrons.

e. nephrons

In the process of urine formation, filtration takes place in the:
a. renal corpuscle.
b. bladder.
c. renal pelvis.
d. loop of Henle.
e. collecting tubule.

a. renal corpuscle

The kidneys secrete erythropoietin to stimulate production of:
a. nitrogenous products.
b. red blood cells when oxygen levels are low.
c. white blood cells.
d. electrolytes.
e. amino acids.

b. red blood cells when oxygen levels are low

The renal corpuscle is composed of capillaries known as the:
a. glomerulus.
b. tubule.
c. efferent arteriole.
d. afferent arteriole.
e. Bowman capsule.

a. glomerulus

Waste products are transported to kidneys via the:
a. renal artery.
b. renal vein.
c. collecting tubule.
d. renal pelvis.
e. ureter.

a. renal artery

The renal pelvis is:
a. an extension of the peritoneal cavity.
b. an extension of the ureter.
c. located at the base of the bladder.
d. a portion of the urethra.
e. a portion of the renal corpuscle.

b. an extension of the ureter

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys?
a. Vasopressin
b. Antidiuretic hormone
c. Erythropoietin
d. Calcitonin
e. Androgen

c. erythropoietin

After wastes are removed, blood leaves the kidney by way of the:
a. ureter.
b. renal artery.
c. portal vein.
d. renal vein.
e. urinary meatus.

d. renal vein

Reabsorption in the nephron occurs in the:
a. Bowman capsule.
b. renal corpuscle.
c. renal tubule.
d. glomerulus.
e. afferent arteriole.

c. renal tubule

The renal corpuscle is composed of the funnel-shaped end of the renal tubule and the:
a. ureter.
b. glomerulus.
c. renal pelvis.
d. peritubular capillaries.
e. efferent arteriole.

b. glomerulus

Waste filtered by the kidney includes:
a. bile.
b. diuretics.
c. carbon dioxide.
d. nitrogenous products.
e. chyme.

d. nitrogenous products

The area at the base of the bladder delineated by the urethra and the ureters is called the:
a. renal pelvis.
b. renal cortex.
c. trigone.
d. renal medulla.
e. Bowman capsule.

c. trigone

In a frontal section of the kidney, the outer layer is the:
a. hilum.
b. cortex.
c. medulla.
d. trigone.
e. meatus.

b. cortex

The combining form (CF) py/o means:
a. pus.
b. fever.
c. hidden.
d. heat.
e. renal pelvis.

a. pus

The CF vesic/o means:
a. seminal vesicle.
b. vas deferens.
c. vessels.
d. bladder.
e. prepuce.

d. bladder

The CF lith/o means:
a. lip.
b. stone, calculus.
c. kidney.
d. good, normal.
e. renal pelvis.

b. stone,calculus

The CF olig/o means:
a. odor.
b. oily.
c. excessive.
d. foreign.
e. scanty.

e. scanty

The CF noct/o means:
a. night.
b. natural.
c. near.
d. normal.
e. never.

a. night

The CF azot/o means:
a. blue, blueness.
b. nitrogenous compounds.
c. glucose compounds.
d. potassium.
e. sodium.

b. nitrogenous compound

The CF kal/i means:
a. sodium.
b. lithium.
c. potassium.
d. nitrogen.
e. chlorine.

c. potassium

The CF urethr/o means:
a. urethra.
b. ureter.
c. urine.
d. urea.
e. uterus.

a. urethra

The CF pyel/o means:
a. meatus.
b. bladder.
c. trigone.
d. pus.
e. renal pelvis.

e. renal pelvis

The CF glomerul/o means:
a. bladder.
b. nephron.
c. glomerulus.
d. excretion.
e. filtration.

c. glonerulus

The CF ren/o means:
a. bladder.
b. kidney.
c. nephron.
d. urethra.
e. meatus.

b. kidney

The suffix -uria means:
a. urea.
b. ureter.
c. structure.
d. urine.
e. stricture.

d. urine

The prefix retro- means:
a. reverse.
b. return.
c. result.
d. backward, behind.
e. below, beneath.

d. backward, behind

The suffix -genesis means:
a. forming, producing, origin.
b. generate.
c. genital.
d. glomerulus.
e. stricture.

a. forming, producing, origin

The prefix dia- means:
a. through, across.
b. within.
c. carry.
d. destroy.
e. crush.

a. through, across

The loss of large amounts of plasma protein in urine, causing systemic edema, is called:
a. pyelonephritis.
b. hydronephrosis.
c. nephrohydrosis.
d. nephrotic syndrome.
e. nephropyosis.

d. nephrotic syndrome

Which term means blood in the urine?
a. Hyperuricemia
b. Hematuria
c. Uremia
d. Diuresis
e. Hemoptysis

b. hematuria

Solidified protein fragments, shaped like the tubules in which they form, are called:
a. uroliths.
b. concretions.
c. casts.
d. nephroliths.
e. tubules.

c. casts

An abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is called a(n):
a. duct.
b. vessel.
c. abscess.
d. fistula.
e. fissure.

d. fistula

The condition in which excess amounts of urea, creatinine, and uric acid build up in the blood is called:
a. anuria.
b. azotemia.
c. hyperkalemia.
d. hypernatremia.
e. bilirubinemia.

b. azotemia

Which of the following pairs of words and definitions is mismatched?
a. Oliguria—decrease in urine volume
b. Diuresis—painful urination
c. Polyuria—increase in urine flow
d. Anuria—complete absence of urine flow
e. Hematuria—blood in the urine

b. Diuresis—painful urination

An inability to control urination is called:
a. anuria.
b. enuresis.
c. frequency.
d. polyuria.
e. dysuria.

b. enuresis

In glomerulonephritis, the glomerular membrane becomes:
a. inflamed and leaky.
b. infected.
c. necrosed.
d. toxic.
e. ischemic.

a. inflamed and leaky

Another term for enuresis is:
a. dysuria.
b. anuria.
c. incontinence.
d. aspermia.
e. azotemia.

c. incontinence

Wilms tumor is a:
a. malignant tumor of the kidney, usually occurring in children.
b. malignant tumor of the prostate gland associated with the aging process.
c. nonmalignant tumor resulting from kidney stones.
d. nonmalignant tumor present at birth.
e. malignant tumor of the bladder.

a. malignant tumor of the kidney, usually occurring in children

The presence of an abnormally large quantity of protein in the urine is called:
a. azotemia.
b. albuminuria.
c. hematuria.
d. anuria.
e. pyuria.

b. albuminuria

The presence of calculi in any urinary structure is called:
a. nephrolithiasis.
b. renal lithiasis.
c. ureterolith.
d. urolithiasis.
e. pyelolithiasis.

d. urolithiasis

The presence of abnormally large amounts of urea in the blood is called:
a. uremia.
b. hyperkalemia.
c. hematuria.
d. pyuria.
e. polyuria.

a. uremia

Inflammation of the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominopelvic cavity is called:
a. periostitis.
b. peritoneopathy.
c. peritonitis.
d. serusitis.
e. seropathy.

c. peritonitis

The condition in which the bladder herniates into the vagina is called:
a. vaginocele.
b. cystoptosis.
c. cystopathy.
d. cystitis.
e. cystocele.

e. cystocele

A narrowing or stricture of the urethra is called:
a. urethratresia.
b. urethrostenosis.
c. urethritis.
d. urethrism.
e. urethrophraxis.

b. urethrostenosis

An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis due to accumulated urine that cannot flow past the obstruction is called:
a. pyelopathy.
b. pyelostenosis.
c. hydronephrosis.
d. ureterectasis.
e. anuria.

c. hydronephrosis

A hemorrhage from the urethra is called:
a. urethrorrhagia.
b. urethrolithiasis.
c. urethropathy.
d. urethrodynia.
e. urethrostenosis.

a. urethrorrhagia

Excessive or frequent urination after going to bed is called:
a. polyuria.
b. hyperuria.
c. enuresis.
d. nocturia.
e. dysuria.

d. nocturia

An involuntary delay in initiating urination is called:
a. hesitancy.
b. anuria.
c. oliguria.
d. enuresis.
e. incontinence.

a. hesitancy

Inflammation of the bladder is called:
a. vesicocele.
b. vesicodynia.
c. cystitis.
d. cystopathy.
e. nephritis.

c. cystitis

The presence of pus cells in the urine is called:
a. pyuria.
b. hematuria.
c. pusuria.
d. oliguria.
e. dysuria.

a. pyuria

An inherited disease in which sacs of fluid develop in the kidney is called:
a. Wilms tumor.
b. nephroma.
c. nephroblastosis.
d. polycystic kidney.
e. nephrocele.

d. polycystic kidney

Excessive urination is called:
a. polyuria.
b. nocturia.
c. anuria.
d. oliguria.
e. dysuria.

a. polyuria

The two most common causes of end-stage renal disease include diabetes and:
a. arteriosclerosis.
b. hypertension.
c. ischemia.
d. necrosis.
e. nephroptosis.

b. hypertension

Suspension or fixation of a floating or moveable kidney is called:
a. nephrorrhaphy.
b. nephropexy.
c. nephroptosis.
d. nephrolithiasis.
e. nephrolithotomy.

b. nephropexy

A procedure in which high-frequency sound waves produce images of the bladder to determine bladder volume and identify incomplete bladder emptying is called:
a. cystoscopy.
b. cystography.
c. electromyography.
d. bladder ultrasonography.
e. cystourethrography.

d. bladder ultrasonography

The test used to evaluate blood flow, structure, and function of the kidneys after IV injection of a radioactive tracer is called:
a. intravenous pyelography.
b. computed tomography scan of the kidneys.
c. renography.
d. renal nuclear scan.
e. electromyography.

d. renal nuclear scan

Crushing of a stone is called:
a. lithiasis.
b. lithotomy.
c. lithotripsy.
d. lithogenesis.
e. lithectomy.

c. lithotripsy

The visual examination of the bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies, and to remove pathological tissue is called:
a. cystoscopy.
b. cystopexy.
c. cystotomy.
d. vesicocele.
e. vesicostomy.

a. cystoscopy

Which procedure measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra?
a. Myorrhaphy
b. Electromyorrhaphy
c. Electromyography
d. Urethrography
e. Urethromyography

c. electromyography

The physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of a urine specimen is called:
a. specific gravity.
b. urinalysis.
c. renal dialysis.
d. urogram.
e. urochesia.

b. urinalysis

What type of dialysis removes toxic wastes from the body using the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?
a. Toxodialysis
b. Hemodialysis
c. Filtrate dialysis
d. Glomerular dialysis
e. Peritoneal dialysis

e. peritoneal dialysis

What type of dialysis filters waste-filled blood by diverting it to an artificial kidney machine and then returning the cleansed blood to the patient's bloodstream?
a. Toxodialysis
b. Hemodialysis
c. Filtrate dialysis
d. Glomerular dialysis
e. Peritoneal dialysis

b. hemodialysis

The surgical fixation of the bladder is called:
a. cystocele.
b. cystoptosis.
c. cystopexy.
d. cystitis.
e. cystogram.

c. cystopexy

Imaging of the urethra is called:
a. urethrography.
b. ureterography.
c. ureterogram.
d. urethromyogram.
e. urethromyography.

a. urethrography

Visual examination of the urethra is called:
a. uroscopy.
b. cystoscopy.
c. ureteroscopy.
d. pyeloscopy.
e. urethroscopy.

e. urethroscopy

Radiological examination of the bladder using a contrast medium is called:
a. cystopexy.
b. cystogram.
c. cystography.
d. urography.
e. urogram.

c. cystography

Surgical removal of the bladder is called:
a. vesicocele.
b. cystopexy.
c. cystostomy.
d. vesicostomy.
e. cystectomy.

e. cystectomy

Surgical repair of the renal pelvis is called:
a. nephroplasty.
b. peritoneoplasty.
c. ureteroplasty.
d. pyoplasty.
e. pyeloplasty.

e. pyeloplasty

Insertion of a thin narrow tube into the ureter to treat urine flow obstruction is called:
a. intravenous pyelography.
b. ureteral stent placement.
c. intrathecal pyelography.
d. intra-arterial stent placement.
e. urethral stent placement.

b. ureteral stent placement

Which procedure is a radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after urination using a contrast medium to enhance imaging?
a. Renal ultrasound
b. Renography
c. Nephrography
d. Voiding cystourethrography
e. Voiding cystography

d. voiding cystourethrography

Creation of a tubular passage into the renal pelvis to drain urine to an external receptacle when ureters are unable to do so is called:
a. nephropexy.
b. nephrostomy.
c. cystoscopy.
d. pyelorrhaphy.
e. nephrorrhaphy.

b. nephrostomy

Which blood test is commonly used to evaluate kidney function?
a. Blood urea nitrogen
b. Urine culture and sensitivity
c. Blood culture and sensitivity
d. Renal culture
e. Bladder culture

a. blood urea nitrogen

An incision that enlarges the urethral opening to relieve urethral stenosis is called:
a. urethrostomy.
b. meatotomy.
c. cystotomy.
d. ureterotomy.
e. pyelotomy.

b. meatotomy

Which agents promote the excretion of urine?
a. Diaphoretics
b. Antidiuretics
c. Uremics
d. Uricosurics
e. Diuretics

e. diuretics

The abbreviation ESWL is associated with:
a. circulatory collapse.
b. severe hypotension.
c. hemorrhage.
d. dehydration.
e. nephrolithiasis.

e. nephrolithiasis

Which laboratory test indicates renal function?
a. BUN
b. C&S
c. PSA
d. UA
e. sp. gr.

a. BUN

A radiographic examination of the urinary tract after injection of a contrast medium is called:
a. BNO.
b. PSA.
c. KUB.
d. IVP.
e. DRE.

d. IVP

Which abbreviation refers to chronic renal failure?
a. ESRD
b. DRE
c. KUB
d. US
e. ESWL

a. ESRD

Which medication relieves "leaking" of urine resulting from an overactive bladder?
a. Diuretics
b. Antibiotics
c. Antispasmodics
d. Estrogens
e. Potassium supplements

c. antispasmodics

Which medication treats repeated bouts of cystitis?
a. Diuretics
b. Androgens
c. Antispasmodics
d. Antibiotics
e. Antihistamines

d. antibiotics

Which abbreviation refers to a battery of tests performed on a urine specimen?
a. sp. gr.
b. TURP
c. KUB
d. pH
e. UA

e. UA

Which test determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics?
a. UA
b. C&S
c. IVP
d. BUN
e. EMG

b. C&S

An infection, usually bacterial, in the urinary structures is called:
a. UTI.
b. EMG.
c. HTN.
d. BPH.
e. BUN.

a. UTI

Wilms tumor is a rapidly developing tumor of the kidney found especially in children.

true

Anuria is the failure of the kidneys to produce urine

true

Two major causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are ischemia and nephrotoxic injury.

true

Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is a fissure.

false

Involuntary discharge of urine is called nocturia.

false

The backflow of urine into the renal pelvis causes an expansion of the renal pelvis.

true

Scanty output of urine is called oliguria.

true

An increased blood level of calcium is called hypercalcemia.

true

Loss of excessive amounts of protein, resulting in systemic edema, is a characteristic of pyelonephritis.

false

Hemodialysis is a method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body to an artificial kidney.

true

Ureteroscopic stone removal is an alternative to ESWL when stones are large or lithotripsy is not recommended.

true

The surgical treatment for a floating kidney is nephropexy.

true

Besides providing for urine drainage, nephrostomy may provide access to the kidney for various treatments.

true

Indwelling stents provide a safe, long-term treatment for urinary obstruction because they require very little follow-up treatment

false

Electromyography is used primarily to measure bladder contraction.

false