Dr gates first semester finals review honors bio

What is the factor that is observed in measured in an experiment?

Dependent variable

Describe descriptive research

Usually involves making observation

describe homeostasis

Maintaining an internal balance or equilibrium

describe science

Involves collecting an organizes data about the natural world

Define peer review

Examination of research by other scientist

define theory

When a hypothesis has been proven over and over

define hypothesis

A proposed assumption to be tested

Define control group

Receives no treatment

define experimental group

Receives the independent variable

Define dependent variable

What is measured as a result of the independent variable

define atom

Smallest unit of matter

describe proteins, neutrons and electrons in terms of charge and location within an atom

Protons positive neutrons, neutral, and located in the nucleus of the atom electrons negative and orbiting the nucleus

Describe carbohydrate

Monomer monosaccharide poly polysaccharide

describe lipids

Not true polymer made up of glycol

describe proteins

Monomer is amino acids polymer is polypeptides

describe nuclei acids

monomer is a nucleotide polymer is polynucleotide.

how do any two types of amino acids differ from one another?

By different R group

define enzyme

a biological protein catalyst used to speed up reactants

what is the effect of an enzyme on the energy of a chemical reaction?

They lower Eq or activation energy

which type of macromolecule has the function of storing and transmitting, hereditary or genetic information

nucleic acid

what event changes an atom into an ion

gaining or losing an electron

define isotope

An element that has a change in neutrons only

define bacteria

Single cell prokaryote

define eukaryotes

Nucleated cells with membrane bond organelle

define prokaryotes

Bacteria single cell, no nucleus or organelle membrane

define virus

Genetic nonliving material surrounded by capsule

what type of microscope produces a 3-D image of the surface of a specimen and is highly magnified?

scanning electron microscope

what type of microscope will penetrate the specimen to show an image of approximately 500,000 X

TEM transmission electron microscope

list the discoveries of Robert Hook

Cork cells coined the term cell

list the discoveries of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

tiny protist/ animals observed

List the discoveries of Matthias Schleiden

plant cell basic structure of plants

list the discoveries of Theodore Schwann

physiology animal cell basic structure of animal

describe the functions of cell walls

Hold integrity of plant cells, strong

describe the functions of lysosomes

Digestive enzymes contained in organelle

describe the function of centrioles

Produce microtubules/ spindle fibers

describe the functions of chloroplast

Site for photosynthesis

describe the function of mitochondria

Site for cell respiration to make ATP

describe the composition of the cell membrane

Contains phospholipids arranged with polar heads facing away from each other

describe the function of Golgi apparatus

Sorts and packages proteins

describe the function of ribosomes

Assembles proteins

describe the function of rough endoplasm reticulum

makes proteins for export

describe the function of smooth endoplasm reticulum

Detoxifies makes steroids, etc, no ribosomes

define hypotonic

Less solute outside

define hypertonic

more solute outside Cell

define isotonic

Solute equal to inside and outside

define active transport

Moving from area of low concentration, high concentration using zero ATP going against concentration gradient

Define passive transport

Moving from high to low concentration no ATP required

Complete the hierarchy cells, tissues…..

organs, organ sys, organism

Describe ADP versus ATP

Adenosine diphosphate= ADP

ATP in high energy compound (nucleus energy from 3rd phosphate group)

what are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis,Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

overall is cellular, respiration considered anaerobic or aerobic why?

Aerobic because it requires oxygen

what is the exact location of the krebs cycle?

Matrix of mitochondria

what is an Aka for the krebs cycle?

Citric acid cycle

What field of biology could involve manipulating genes breeding, new plants and animals or incorporating living systems into an invented device or process?

Biotech

most human cells due to their complex nature are considered____ cells

Specialized

glucose C6 H12 06 produced in photosynthesis is considered to have high energy bonds or low energy bonds

High energy bonds

List the reactants and products of cell respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

list the reactants and products of photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

what is the main role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis

to make up the sugar glucose

define independent variable

With the scientist, alters or test in an experiment

if were able to close the stoma of a leaf what would happen?

photosynthesis would shut down

define eukaryotic cell versus prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell has nucleus and membrane enclose organelles