Age of enlightenment

What caused the enlightenment ?

Scientific revolution

Age of enlightenment

Period of time when people came up with lots of fancy ideas that questioned a lot of things.

Scientific revolution

Time where people had questioned how things worked around them in thr world of science.

Who made the mathematical analysis?

Pascal

Who made experimentation

Sir francis bacon

Who made inductive reasoning

Descartes

Where was enlightenment most popular?

France

Priestly

Built framework for modern chemistry with lavoisier

jenner

Developed vaccine against smallpox

Hobbes

Write leviathan (MONSTER, HOBBES IS A MONSTERRRRR)

Concept of social contract

PEOPLE NATURALLY EVIL SO ABSOLUTISM = GOOD

Social contract

Agreement where people give up freedom in order to have an organized society

Locke

Idea that people have natural rights and government has an obligation to those it governs

Two treaties of government (1690)

PEOPLE ARE NATURALLY GOOD SO REPUBLIC = GOOD

Natural rights

Rights that belonged to all humans since birth

Examples of natural rights

Life, liberty, property

JOHN LOCKE BELIEVED THISSSSS

Montesquieu

Wrote The spirit of laws

Ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances

Voltaire

Attacked corrupt government, inequality, slave trade

negative view on religion

Supported freedom of speech

Candide (1759]

Diderot

Encyclopedia (1757)

Wanted to change thinking on religion, philosophy, and government

Deism

God exists BUT DOES NOT GET INVOLVED WITH HUMANS

Why did Deism appear?

Because church officials were very wealthy and corrupted while the poor did not have anything, GOD DID NOT DO ANYTHING ABT IT

Pantheism

God = nature

God’s work revealed through science

The great debate

Reasoning vs traditions and superstitions

Philosophes

Thinkers who thought everything could be explained through reasoning.

Analyzed evil and advanced reforms

Physicotheology

Explaining god’s nature using logic

Thomas Paine

Common sense (1776)

American revolution is right because colonies DID NOT have any say

Jean jacques rousseau

Wrote the social contract

Pushed for will of majority and common good

Wollstonecraft

Write the vindication of rights of women

EQUAL EDUCATION FOR GIRLS

Adam Smith

Wrote the wealth of nations

Free market should be allowed to regulate business

Free market

The forces of supply and demand

Should operate + regulate business

Physiocrat

Claimed economic system followed natural laws of economics

NO MERCANTILISM

YES LAISSEZ FAIRE

Laissez faire

Policy that stated business should be able to operate with little government interference

Natural laws

Unchanging principles that are discovered through reasoning

GOVERNS ALL CONDUCT

How was the enlightenment popularized?

Salons, female philosophers

What were the salons?

Informal social gatherings that spread enlightenment ideas

Who ran the salons?

Women (madame geoffrin and julie)

What was the salon money used for?

Publishing women writing (like wollstonecrafts “the vindication of rights of women”)

Enlightened despot

Absolute rulers who used enlightened ideas to further their power

Some rulers who used enlightenment despot?

• Frederick the great

• Catherine the great

• Joseph Ii

Frederick the great in the Age of Enlightenment

Religious tolerationuu

Asked french scientists to build an academy of science

Changed government to make it more efficient (simplified laws)

HE DID THIS MOSTLY TO FURTHER HIS OWN POWER

Catherine the great in the Age of Enlightenment

Religious tolerance

Gave nobles charter of rights

Spoke against serfdom

Joseph II in the Age of Enlightenment

Gave important jobs to middle class instead of nobles

Patron of arts

abolished serfdom

Religious toleration (ended censorships)

Censorships

GOVERNMENT AND CHURCH DID THIS!!

Restricting access to info and ideas about enlightenment

Burned the books of enlightenment + imprisoned the writers

Legacy of enlightenment

Westerns believe in republicanism and democracy

PEOPLE FOUGHT FOR RIGHTS!! (democratic revolution)

Critisizing church!!

Changes in art, architecture, music

egalitarian disease

Nobles thought the middle-class had this because they were trying to get rights

THOUGHT IT WAS STUPIDDD

Baroque architecture

VERY OVER-THE-TOP

greek-inspired, intricate, suspenseful

Rococo art

NOT MUCH DETAIL

very fun

The dark colors not as dark

rembrandt

PAINTER, married rich woman

likes to mess with light

Makes faces real bright

Very detailed

“Sea of galilee”

Vermeer

Poorrrr

Painted paintings in paintings

Daily life paintings that “dont seem right”……

“Girl with a pearl earring”

CATHERINE LIKE HIS PAINTINGS