Ch 1 B - not directional terms or planes

Axial

head, neck, and trunk

Appendicular

limbs (arms and legs)

Dorsal Body Cavity

projects fragile nervous system

Cranial Cavity

encloses the brain

Vertebral Cavity

encases spinal cord

Ventral Body Cavities

houses internal organs (called viscera)

• Thoracic Cavity

• Abdominopelvic Cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominal Cavity and pelvic cavity

Abdominal Cavity

contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

Pelvic Cavity

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Thoracic Cavity

Has two pleural cavities, each surrounding one lung

Mediastinum

Pericardial Cavity

Mediastinum

contains pericardial cavity

surrounds other thoracic organs, such as esophagus, trachea, etc.

Pericardial Cavity

encloses heart

Hiatal Hernia

Part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity

• Can push stomach acid into espohagus causing irritation

• Referred to as heart burn

• Severe cases may require surgical repair

Serosa (serous membrane)

In vental body cavity

• thin, double layered membranes that cover surfaces in venrtal body cavity

Parietal serosa, visceral serosa

Double layers are separated by slit-like cavity filled with serous fluid

fluid secreted by both layers of membrane

Parietal serosa

lines internal body cavity walls

Visceral Serosa

covers internal organs (viscera)

Pericardium

heart

Pleurae

lungs

Peritoneum

abdominopelvic cavity

Pleurisy or peritonitis

serous membranes can become inflamed as a result of infections or other causes

• normally smooth layers can become rough and even can stick together, resulting in excruciating pain

Other cavities exposed to the environment

oral and digestive cavities

nasal cavities

orbital cavities

middle ear cavities

Synovial Cavities

not exposed to the environment

• joint cavities