Modern World History: Imperialism Resistance and Decolonization

What was the primary driver for independence movements during the Age of Imperialism?

The strong belief that a group of people with a common culture, history, and identity should have their own independent nation.

What were some common causes of resistance to imperialism?

Economic exploitation, cultural and religious disrespect, political domination, harsh repression, and racial inequality.

What was the Sepoy Rebellion?

An 1857 uprising in India where Indian soldiers rebelled against the British East India Company due to cultural disrespect and growing anger over British control.

What triggered the Sepoy Rebellion?

Rumors that animal fat was used on rifle cartridges, offending Hindu and Muslim beliefs.

What was the outcome of the Sepoy Rebellion?

The British crushed the rebellion and established direct rule over India in 1858.

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

An uprising in China by the 'Boxers United in Righteousness' against foreign influence and missionaries.

What were the main causes of the Boxer Rebellion?

Anger at foreign missionaries, trade privileges, and economic hardship blamed on foreign presence.

What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion?

International forces crushed the rebellion, and China was forced to pay large indemnities.

What was the Maji Maji Rebellion?

An uprising in German East Africa where farmers rebelled against forced cotton cultivation policies.

What led to the Maji Maji Rebellion?

Famine caused by forced cotton cultivation and the promise of protection by a charismatic leader.

What was the legacy of the Maji Maji Rebellion?

It became a symbol of African unity and early nationalism despite the brutal suppression that resulted in over 200,000 deaths.

What is decolonization?

The process by which colonies become independent from the colonizing country, marking the end of political, economic, and cultural control.

What was the role of Patrice Lumumba in Congo's independence?

He led the Mouvement National Congolais, calling for immediate independence and control of Congo's resources.

What were the consequences of Congo's independence in 1960?

Political instability, civil war, and ongoing issues with corruption and resource exploitation.

What was the Quit India Movement?

A campaign led by the Indian National Congress, under Gandhi, advocating for the boycott of British goods and non-violent civil disobedience.

What was the outcome of India's independence movement?

India gained independence and was partitioned into India and Pakistan in 1947, leading to a democratic government but ongoing religious tensions.

What did the Nationalist KMT aim to achieve in China?

To overthrow the Qing Dynasty, unite the country, and end foreign domination.

What was the Communist Party's promise during the Chinese Revolution?

To end foreign influence, give land to peasants, and restore Chinese greatness.

What does the term 'Century of Humiliation' refer to in Chinese history?

The period of foreign domination and imperialism that became the foundation for modern Chinese nationalism.

What was the significance of the Communist Revolution in China?

It was partly a response to imperial humiliation and emphasized sovereignty and anti-colonial identity.

What ongoing issues does the Congo face after independence?

Corruption, child labor, conflict over minerals, and lack of an established government.

How did resistance movements during imperialism impact future independence movements?

They inspired future independence and nationalist movements, showing the limits of imperial control.