Bacterial Transcription: Mechanisms and Processes

Ribonucleotides

Nucleotides used by RNA polymerase for RNA synthesis.

Phosphodiester bond

Bond formed between the 3'-OH of RNA and a phosphate group.

Sigma factor

Protein subunit found in RNA polymerase holoenzyme, not the core enzyme.

Transcription stages

Initiation, elongation, and termination in bacterial transcription.

Consensus sequences

Located around -10 and -35 in a bacterial promoter.

Rho-independent terminator

Terminator with inverted repeats forming a hairpin structure.

Rho-dependent terminator

Terminator requiring interaction of the protein rho with RNA polymerase.

Transcription vs. DNA replication

Shared and unique characteristics of transcription and DNA replication.

Single-stranded RNA

RNA molecule with uneven percentages of bases.

Template strand bases

Expected percentages of bases in the DNA template complementary to RNA.

RNA sequence from DNA

Complementary and antiparallel RNA sequence transcribed from DNA.

DNA template ends

Identifying 5' and 3' ends of a DNA template for RNA transcription.

Mutation effects in gene

Effects of mutations at -10, -35, -20, and +1 locations in a bacterial gene.