A History of a Mysterious Science: Radioactivity

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the history and science of radioactivity as discussed in the lecture notes.

Radioactivity

The process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.

Decay Series

A series of steps by which a radioactive element transforms into a series of other elements until a stable product is formed.

Alpha Particle

A type of radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons, emitted from the nucleus of some radioactive atoms.

Beta Particle

High-speed electrons or positrons emitted during the radioactive decay of certain isotopes.

Gamma Rays

High-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from radioactive substances, more penetrating than alpha or beta particles.

Isotope

Variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.

Transmutation

The process of changing one chemical element or isotope into another, often occurring in nuclear reactions.

Curie

The unit of radioactivity, defined as the quantity of radioactive material that produces one disintegration per second.

Radiochemical Analysis

Techniques used to separate and identify radioactive materials based on their chemical and radioactive properties.

Radiation Therapy

The treatment of disease, especially cancer, using ionizing radiation to kill or control malignant cells.