Bisc 102 Exam 1

atom

the smallest unit of life

Functions of Proteins

transport oxygen, structure in hair and nails

Carbohydrates

the monosaccharide is the monomer of what molecule?

Asexual reproduction

create clones or copies

Characteristics of Life

sexual reproduction (grows & develops), evolution, energy, organization, maintenance of internal constancy (homeostasis)

Lipid

Which molecule has no true monomer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

sequence of organisms

dehydration synthesis

an amino acid is linked to another amino acid to create a polypeptide. What process does this?

Starch

a type of carbohydrate

amino acids

monomers of proteins

glycerol

type of polymer

potential energy

the phosphate that is stored in ATP

enzymes

molecule causes reactions to occur fast

reduction

gaining electrons

Heterotrophs

Dog are

nucleic acid

polymer of a nucleotide

lipid

3 fatty acids filled with hydrogens and attached to a glycerol backbone makes up a

emergent properties

welding metals to make an office structure

asexual

best reproduction for an unchanging environment

natural selection

when the environment favors a certain trait over the others\_______ occurs

true

the independent variable is what is being manipulated in the experiment

Standard variable

which variable remains constant throughout an experiment

nucleic acids

adipose tissue is composed

mineral

inorganic substance required by the human body that it cannot produce

hydrolysis

which of the following does not affect enzyme activity

false

noncompetitive inhibition is when the product blocks the active site of an enzyme

large intestine

which organ absorbs water from food

peristalsis

what is the movement of food by muscle contractions through the digestive tract

oxidation-reduction reactions

the electron transport chain is an example of

nucleic acid

ATP is what type of molecule

primary structure

sequence of amino acids of the proteins

hydrophobic

lipids are

dehydration synthesis

polymer to monomer

enzymes

lowers activation energy

ATP

made of 3 phosphate groups, adenine, and a sugar

false

energy can be created and destroyed

products

what has the highest amount of energy in Energy Input Reactions

oxidize

lose an electron (LEO)

reduction

gain an electron (GER)

Reactants

what has the highest amount of energy in Energy Output Reactions

discovery science

conducting experiments in the natural world with little or no control

mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

vitamin

organic substance that the body cannot produce

entropy

relative amount of disorganization or disorder in a system

biology

scientific study of life

Molecules

a group of joined atoms

organelle

a membrane bounded structure that has a specific function within a cell Ex: chloroplast

cell

the fundamental unit of life

tissue

A collection of specialized cells that perform a particular function.

organ

a structure consisting of tissue organized to interact and carry out specific functions

organ system

organs connected physically or chemically that function together

organism

a single living individual

decomposers

consumers that obtain nutrients from tea organizing and organs waste

homeostasis

the process by which a cell or organism maintains equilibrium

natural selection

based on specific selective pressure put on a population

scientific inquiry

make observations, ask questions/ consult prior knowledge, formulate a hypothesis, make predictions, collect and interpret data, draw conclusions a. peer review b. publish

independent variable

what is manipulated

dependent variable

what is measured

calorie

amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1º C

organic molecules

where is energy stored?

Water and organic molecules

What are we made of?

organic molecules

compounds that contain carbohydrates

types of organic molecules

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

monomer

a single unit of a carbohydrate, protein, or nucleic acid

hydrolysis

the reverse reaction of dehydration synthesis; it breaks polymers not monomers

simple sugars and polysaccharides

What are included in carbohydrates

polysaccharides

long chains of carbohydrates

starch

energy for plants

glycogen

energy for humans/animals

proteins

which organic molecules have the most variable structures and functions

protein groups

R group, amino group, carboxyl group, central carbon group

R group

Where do amino acids vary

sucrose

glucose + fructose\> dehydration synthesis( removes water)

glucose + fructose

sucrose\> hydrolysis (adds water)

disaccharide

dehydration synthesis binds 2 monosaccharides to form \____

monosaccharides

hydrolysis separates disaccharides into

dipeptide

dehydration synthesis binds two amino acids into a

amino acids

hydrolysis separates dipeptides into

primary structure

chain of amino acids

secondary structure

1. alpha helix

2. bet sheet

tertiary structure

single polypeptide

quaternary structure

2 different polypeptides

3-D shape

a protein is not a protein until it folds into a

essential nutrients

substances needed by the body that it cannot make itself

animal products

are complete/contain all essential amino acids

plant proteins

"incomplete"- deficient in one or more amino acids

RNA and DNA

1. nucleic acids include\_____

2. contain genetic information

DNA

phosphate group, sugar (deoxyribose), nitrogenous base

RNA

phosphate group, ribose (sugar), nitrogenous base

lipid

hydrophobic and energy rich

triglyceride

dehydration synths links 3 fatty acids to a glycerol molecule to form a

hydrolysis

separates fatty acids form glycerol

saturated fat

as many hydrogen atoms bonds they can have; solid at room temperature

unsaturated fat

liquid at room temperature, not full of hydrogen atoms: kinks:

trans fat

solid at room temperature, unsaturated to saturated fats

vitamins

organic molecules required in diet for good health, mostly function as assistant to enzymes

dehydration

joins monomers together, giving off H20 as a by-product

hydrolysis

uses H2O to break apart polymers into monomers