A type of periodic motion in which the restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium position and acts in the opposite direction to the displacement.
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Hooke’s Law
The force required to extend or compress a spring is proportional to its displacement from its equilibrium position.
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a spring with spring constant k, the elastic potential energy it possesses—relative to its equilibrium position
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Oscillation
The back-and-forth motion of an object about its equilibrium position.
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Amplitude
The maximum displacement of an oscillating object from its equilibrium position.
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Period
The time taken by an oscillating object to complete one cycle of motion.
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Frequency
The number of cycles per unit time of an oscillating object.
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Restoring force
The force that brings an oscillating object back to its equilibrium position.
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Spring constant
The constant that relates the force exerted by a spring to its displacement from its equilibrium position.
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Angular frequency
The rate at which an oscillating object completes one cycle of motion in radians per unit time.
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Phase angle
The initial angle of an oscillating object at the start of its motion.
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Resonance
A phenomenon in which an object is forced to vibrate at its natural frequency due to the application of an external force at the same frequency.
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simple pendulum
Consists of a weight of mass m attached to a massless rod that swings, without friction, about the vertical equilibrium position.
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the magnitude of the restoring force when the bob is θ to an angle to the vertical
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Flashcard (51)