Medical Semiology Lecture 3

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the cardiovascular system as noted in the lecture.

Diastolic Pressure

The lowest pressure that remains in the arteries before the next ventricular contraction.

Peripheral Resistance

A force produced by friction between blood and blood vessel walls.

Systolic Pressure

The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction.

SA Node

The sinoatrial node; the heart's natural pacemaker that initiates electrical impulses.

AV Node

The atrioventricular node; it receives impulses from the SA node and delays them before directing them to the ventricles.

Bundle of His

A bundle of heart muscle cells that conduct impulses from the AV node down to the ventricles.

Purkinje Fibers

Fibers that extend from the Bundle of His into the ventricular walls, causing them to contract.

Jaundice

Xanthelasma

Osler Nodules

Splinter hemorrhage

Sacral edema

Pitting Edema

Edema

Deep vein thrombosis

Radial Artery Pulse Palpation

Brachial Artery Pulse Palpation

Axillary Artery Pulse Palpation

Subclavian Artery Pulse Palpation

Carotid Artery Pulse Palpation

Facial Artery Pulse Palpation

Superficial Temporal Artery Pulse Palpation

Dorsalis Pedis Artery Pulse Palpation

Arterial Tibial Artery Pulse Palpation

Abdominal Aorta Pulse Palpation

Femoral Artery Pulse Palpation

+

CHECK OF RADIOFEMORAL DELAY

Apex of Heart Palpation

Mitral Area Heart Auscultation

Tricuspid Area Heart Auscultation

Pulmonary Area Heart Auscultation

Aortic Area Heart Auscultation

BEST POSITION FOR AORTIC VALVE AUSCULTATION

Left Lateral Position for Mitral Stenosis Auscultation

Radiation of Murmur:

1. Aortic Stenosis→Radiation on Carotids

2. Mitral Regurgitation→Radiation to the Left Axilla

Ischemic foot with distal gangrene

→pale,thinned,skinny skin without hair

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

Superficial THROMBOPHLEBITIS

→BENIGN/SELF-LIMITING DISEASE

→incidence of deep vein thrombosis from extension of a superficial clot being 3%

Chronic Venus Insufficiency

ULCERATION JUST ABOVE THE ANKLE ON THE MEDIAL ASPECT OF LEG (SOMETIMES ANTERIOR)

symptoms of itching & dull discomfort made worse by periods of standing and pain

CT and MR Angiography→Chronic Limb Ischemia

Sympathetic Nervous System

The division of the autonomic nervous system that increases heart rate and contractility.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The division of the autonomic nervous system that decreases heart rate.

Blood Pressure (BP)

The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.

Normal Blood Pressure Range

Optimal BP is considered to be less than 120/80 mmHg.

NYHA Classification

The New York Heart Association classification system for heart failure that grades limitations in physical activity.

Edema

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of tissues.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

The formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs.

Palpitations

An abnormal awareness of the heartbeat, which may feel like fluttering.

Isolated Systolic Hypertension

A condition in which systolic blood pressure is elevated while diastolic blood pressure is normal.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

A condition where veins have difficulty sending blood from the legs back to the heart.

Thrombophlebitis

An inflammation of a vein caused by a blood clot.

Virchow’s Triad

A model for understanding the factors that promote thrombus formation: stasis, vessel wall injury, and hypercoagulable state.

Acute Limb Ischemia

A sudden decrease in blood flow to a limb, which can lead to necrosis.

Atrial Fibrillation

A common heart arrhythmia characterized by disorganized electrical activity in the atria.

Dyspnea

Difficulty or labored breathing.

Angina Pectoris

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.