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discrete variable
a number you can count
continuous variable
A number measured
nominal scale of measurement
observations classified into categories and counted, no logical order to data categories
Descriptive statistics
methods used to organize, summarize and present data in a informative way
Inferential statistics
inferences that go beyond known data
deduction
using general knowledge of a population to draw a conclusion about a specific element or sample of population
inducition
using knowledge of a sample to infer about the population
parameter
any measurable of the population
statistic
any measurable characteristic of the sample
sampling error
when the sample statistic differed from population error
nonsampling error
due to unrecognized systematic causes
mutually exclusive
when a unit is included in one category
exhaustive
when each unit must appear in one category
ordinal scale of measurement
data classfied into mutually exclusive categories, data are ordered or ranked
interval scale of measurement
differences between ranks are equal, NOT a meaningful zero starting point
ration scale of measurement
there is a meaningful zero starting point, ratios between numbers are meaningful
nominal scale of measurement example
gender, type of car
ordinal scale of measurement example
ranking employees, level of satisfaction with a meal
interval scale of measurement example
iq score, temperature
ratio scale of measurement example
income, balance in your account, investments