8.8 ap world

What was the fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Who would control postwar Europe?

Define détente.

A relaxation of strained relations between nations.

What did Richard Nixon do that represented détente in Soviet Union and China?

He visited the Soviet Union and China.

Describe the challenges the USSR faced in the 1960's and 1970's.

The USSR was no longer growing. Eastern European Soviet wanted freedom. Russia and China skirmished over their border.

What issues was the United States having in the 1960's and 1970's

Their involvement in the Vietnam War was costly and unpopular and relations with China had negative effects.

What actions ended détente?

After the Soviet invaded Afghanistan, Jimmy Carter halted the excess grain shipments.

How did the Soviet-Afghan war contribute to the fall of the Soviet Union?

The Afghan War put stress on the Soviet Union's centralized economic system and left Soviet leadership vulnerable to reform.

What did Reagan do in the 1980's to upset the Soviet Union?

He referred to the Soviet Union as the "evil empire" and sent military aid, including weapons, to support the Afghans.

What was the purpose of the Strategic Defense Initiative?

The system would destroy any Soviet nuclear missiles that targeted the US or allies.

How did Soviet Union respond to the SDI?

The Soviet saw it as the beginning of an arms race in space. It worried liberal and moderate Soviets who wanted reforms

What is perestroika?

Restructure Soviet economy to allow free enterprise and granting greater political freedom

What is glasnost?

The policy of opening up Soviet society and the political process.

What did the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) aim to accomplish?

Restrict immediate-range nuclear weapons, which quieted anti Cold War supporter in the countries.

What did Lithuania, Georgia, and other Soviet republics do as a result of the democratic reforms sweeping through Eastern Europe?

Overthrew their rulers and declared independence.

What happened in 1991 in regards to the Soviet Union and the Cold War?

Gorbachev's reforms led to political downfall and the end of the Soviet Union. The Cold War ended.

Explain the challenges that occurred as a result of the fall of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War.

Alliances chnged, and economic interactions expanded. The world became more interconnected, which produced wealth.

So, what caused the end of the Cold War?

New democracies, vast economic inequality, ethnic conflict and genocide, terrorism, environmental issues, and epidemics.