EHST Exam 1

Define population

Refers to the same species in an area

Define community

Refers to the multiple species in a given area.

Difference between population & community.

Population refers to the same species in an area where as community refers to the multiple species in a given area.

What does a ecosystem consist of?

Consists of living organisms that interacts with non-living components of their environment

What are examples of population attributes?

Age structure, spatial distributions

What type of curve is this?

J population curves

What type of curve is this?

S population curves

What is carrying capacity known as and its definition?

Equilibrium.

Described as when the number of births = the number of deaths

Red tide is an example of what type of growth curve?

J curves

What are homeostatic controls and examples?

Self-regulating factors

Examples: behavior, physiological and social responses.

What type of curve is human population growth?

J Curve

What is doubling time?

amount of time it takes a population to double in size

What did Thomas Malhus theorize?

He theorized that population growth will will always outpace the available food supply causing war, famine and disease.

Factors that created surges in population growth

Access to food, family planning, technological advancements, public health, socially economic wealth

Birth Rate =

Birth Rate = # of babies born per 1000 people per year

Death rate =

Death rate = # of deahts per 1000 people per year

Three reasons for surges in death rates?

war, famine, disease

What are modern days examples of death surges?

HIV, Covid-19

Why are some regions experiencing different growth rates?

More younger people in area than older.

What is the demographic transisition?

The decreasing of both birth and death rates at same time.

What is total fertility rate?

average # of children per mother in a reproductive timeline

Formula for Growth Rate

(Birth rate - death rate) / 10 = GR

Which of these charts is developing and developed?

What is the concern for economic and sociopolitical issues?

Global graying

Whats the term for a city with over 10 million people

mega city

What’s the minimum amount of people for a mega city?

A. 20 million

B. 15 million

C. 10 million

D. 30 million

C. 10 million

In 2001 what happened to the global population?

They resided mostly in urban areas for the first time in world history?

What happened for the first time in 2001?

People resided mostly in urban areas.

What’s a major health concern from urbanization.

safe drinking water

What’s a humane way to control population growth?

Family Planning

Early methods of birth control

withdrawal, sponge, herbal medicine

What are examples of economic and social factors?

religion, cultural preference, education, economic status

Does developing nations have more or less young people?

More young people

Does developed nations have more or less young people

Less young people

Define First Law of Thermodynamics

energy cannot be create or destroyed; only change form

Define Second Law of Thermodynamics

after each transfer of energy there is loss of that energy.

1000 → 100 →10

When is all energy is moving toward an ever less available and more dispersed state?

Entropy

Dry weight per unit area =

biomass

Does a rainforest have a more or less biomass than deserts

Yes

T/F. Energy loss occurs at every increased trophic level

True

Population growth and increased income are the largest factors for what?

Influencing food demand

Higher incomes =

Higher quality food

By 2050 72% of grain will be used for livestock feed __________ ________?

Plant-based meat

What type of meat can reduce land use requirements by 76%

plant based meat

What is basal metabolic rate (BMR) used to define.

From the FAO

Hunger

Which faces the biggest threat from hunger?

Developing nations or developed nations

Developing nations

Whos more at risk of malnutrition?

Men, Women or children

Women

What are two major causes of hunger?

Uneven distribution and poverty

Are high quality diets less or more energy efficient?

less energy efficient

What are most deaths from hunger related to?

Chronic nutritional deficiencies.

(not starvation)

What’s the leading causes of death and disease?

PEM (protein-energy malnutrition)

This protein deficiency is affecting kids in tropical areas of Africa.

Kwashiorkor

What is an overall protein-calorie deprivation.

(a deficiency of all macronutrients)

Marasmus

Which deficiency causes blindness in children

Vitamin A

What’s the most common vitamin deficiency

anemia

(iron deficiency)

Anemia in pregnant women can lead to?

Maternal death, premature delivery, stillbirth

List ways to reduce world hunger

Expanding land cultivation, increasing fish catch, aquaculture, reducing post-harvest food losses, eating lower on food chain, improving yields per acre

Why is it not practical to use more farmland

Only a finite supply of farmland and not enough water

Anchovetas, herring and mackerel are examples of?

trash fish

What impacts fish stocks

overfishing and pollution

Shrimp farming affects which ecosystem

coastal mangroves

Which law is based on: The growth of a plant is dependent on the amount of resources given to the plant

“minimum quantity”

Liebigs Law of the Minimum

What act passed in 1906

Pure Food & Drug Act

Which agency will take legal action to remove products from market?

Food Defect Action Level

FDA

What is used to boost milk production?

rBGH, BST, Bovie Growth Hormone

Can pesticides be translocated into meat milk and eggs?

Yes

Tolerance levels can also be seen as the

maximum quantity