Canadian History and English Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards for Canadian History and English CHC2D-T & ENG2D-T Exam Review

Fascism

A philosophy, a system, and a way of political organization

Propaganda

The spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person

Franz Ferdinand

Heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, his assassination sparked WWI

Powder keg (Europe before WWI)

An unstable region where any conflict could easily escalate into a larger war

Triple Entente

WWI alliance of France, Britain, and Russia

Triple Alliance

WWI alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Schlieffen Plan

German plan to quickly defeat France before turning to Russia in WWI

Sir Robert Borden

Canadian Prime Minister during World War I

Sir Sam Hughes

Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence during World War I

Ross Rifle

Infamous Canadian rifle prone to jamming, used during WWI

The No. 2 Construction Battalion

All-black construction battalion in WWI.

Francis Pegahmagabow

Highly decorated Aboriginal soldier in WWI

Chlorine & Mustard gas

Poisonous gases used in WWI

Ypres & Passchendaele

Battles where Canadian forces were heavily involved in WWI using poisonous gas

No Man's land

Areas between opposing trenches in WWI

Vimy Ridge

Significant Canadian victory in WWI

Arthur Currie

Canadian General who led the Canadian Corps in WWI

Trench foot

Medical condition caused by prolonged exposure to wet, unsanitary conditions in trenches

Shell shock

Psychological condition resulting from the trauma of war

Victory bonds

Bonds sold to the public to finance the war effort

War Measures Act

Government act that gave the government broad powers during WWI

Total War

A war in which all of a nation's resources are dedicated to the war effort

Halifax Explosion

Devastating explosion in Halifax harbor during WWI

Wartime Elections Act

Controversial act during WWI that disenfranchised enemy aliens and gave the vote to women related to soldiers

Conscription

Forced military service

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that officially ended World War I

Reparations

Compensation payments imposed on Germany after WWI

War Guilt Clause

Clause in the Treaty of Versailles that blamed Germany for WWI

League of Nations

International organization formed after WWI to promote peace

U-boats

German submarines used in WWI and WWII

John McCrae

Canadian doctor and poet who wrote 'In Flanders Fields'

Spanish Flu

Deadly influenza pandemic after WWI

Bloody Saturday

Violent clash between striking workers and police in Winnipeg 1919

One Big Union

Radical labour union that sought to unite all workers

Chanak Affair

Crisis in 1922 when Britain asked Canada for military support against Turkey

Halibut Treaty

Treaty signed between Canada and the US without British involvement

Statute of Westminster

Act that granted Canada greater autonomy from Britain

William Lyon Mackenzie King

Longest serving Canadian Prime Minister

Autonomy

Self-governance

Prohibition

The banning of alcohol

Group of Seven

Group of Canadian landscape painters

Xenophobia

Fear or hatred of foreigners

Famous Five

Group of Canadian women who fought for women's rights

Suffrage

The right to vote

Person's case

Legal case that established women as 'persons' under Canadian law

Black Tuesday

The day the stock market crashed in 1929, marking the start of the Great Depression

Inflation

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Buying on credit

Purchasing goods or services on credit

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

Relief

Government assistance to the poor

On-to-Ottawa Trek

Protest march of unemployed men to Ottawa during the Great Depression

Relief camps

Government-run camps for unemployed men during the Great Depression

"Bennett Buggies"

Cars pulled by horses due to inability to afford gasoline during the Depression

Regina Riot

Violent clash between police and unemployed protestors in Regina during the Great Depression

If Day

Mock Nazi invasion of Winnipeg to promote war bond sales in WWII

S.S. St. Louis

Ship carrying Jewish refugees denied entry into Canada in 1939

Munich Agreement

Agreement in which Britain and France appeased Hitler by giving him the Sudetenland

Nazi Party

The political party led by Adolf Hitler

Blitzkrieg

German 'lightning war' strategy

Axis powers

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII

10 September 1939

Date Canada declared war on Germany in WWII

Dieppe

Disastrous raid by Canadian forces on the French coast in WWII

Pearl Harbour

Surprise attack by Japan on the US naval base

Operation Overlord

Allied invasion of Normandy

D-Day

The day of the Normandy landings

Juno Beach

Canadian landing beach

Omaha Beach

British landing beach

Caen

City in France that Canadians fought to liberate after D-Day

Hong Kong

Fall of (December 25, 1941)

Pearl Harbour

Japan's attack on (December 7, 1941)

POW

Japanese __ _

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

United States dropped atomic bombs on and _ after WWII

VJ Day/Japanese

/_ Surrender

Japanese Internment

The forced relocation and imprisonment of Japanese Canadians during WWII

Victory Bonds

Financial instruments used to fund the WWII war effort

Internment camps

Camps where Japanese Canadians were held during WWII

War Measures Act

Act invoked during WWII to grant the government broad powers.

Kristallnacht

Night of Broken Glass, Nazi-led attacks on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues

Auschwitz

Nazi extermination camp where Jews and other minorities were murdered

Genocide

The systematic killing of a racial or cultural group

Battle of Britain

Air campaign by the German Air Force against Britain in 1940

Battle of the Atlantic

Prolonged naval conflict between Allied and German forces

Dunkirk

Evacuation of Allied soldiers from France during WWII

Maginot Line

French defensive line to prevent German invasion

U-boats

German submarines used in WWII

Enigma Machine

German system in WWII used to send coded messages

Atlantic Wall

Defensive fortifications built by Germans along the Atlantic coast

German Gun Batteries

Long-range artillery pieces placed along the Atlantic Wall

Collective Security

International collaboration to maintain peace and security after WWII

Gouzenko Affair

Soviet cipher clerk who defected to Canada

Iron Curtain

Ideological divide separating communist Eastern Europe from the West

UN

International organization formed after WWII

John Peters Humphries

Canadian who helped draft the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

NATO

Military alliance of Western nations formed to counter Soviet aggression

NORAD

North American Aerospace Defense Command

Korean War

Conflict between North Korea and South Korea

Suez Crisis

Crisis in which Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal

Pearson & the Nobel Peace Prize

Canadian Prime Minister who won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in resolving the Suez Crisis

UNEF

United Nations Emergency Force

Baby Boom

The increase in birth rate after WWII