(3) Unit 7 Topics 6 7 and 8 Packet

Fossil Record

A visual representation of evolutionary change over time, consisting of remains or traces of past organisms.

Comparative Morphology

The analysis of structures of living and extinct organisms to gain insights into evolutionary relationships.

Homology

Characteristics in related species that have similarities, despite differing functions.

Embryonic Homology

Similarities in embryonic development among different species, indicating a common ancestry.

Vestigial Structures

Structures that have been conserved through evolution but no longer serve a useful function, such as the human tailbone.

Molecular Homology

Similarities in DNA and amino acid sequences among species, indicating shared ancestry.

Homologous Structures

Characteristics that are similar between two species because they share a common ancestor.

Convergent Evolution

The process by which similar adaptations evolve in distantly related organisms due to similar environments.

Analogous Structures

Structures that are similar in function or appearance but have different evolutionary origins.

Biogeography

The geographical distribution of animals and plants, providing insights into evolutionary history.

Natural Selection

The process through which traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in a population.

Generation Time

The average time between the birth of an organism and the birth of its offspring, influencing evolution speed, notably in prokaryotes.

Eukaryotes

Organisms whose cells have membrane-bound organelles and linear chromosomes, suggesting common ancestry.

Antibiotic Resistance

The ability of bacteria to survive and reproduce despite the presence of antibiotic drugs, showcasing rapid evolution.

Insect Resistance to Pesticides

The development of traits in insect populations that allow them to survive pesticide treatments, often due to genetic changes.