Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns & Processes

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The annual percentage of population growth of a country for a one-year period, calculated as Birth Rate - Death Rate / 10%

Demographic Equation

Utilizes birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration statistics to demonstrate population growth

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Annual statistic representing the number of live births per total population x 1,000

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Annual statistic indicating the number of deaths per total population x 1,000

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Estimated average number of children born to each female aged 15 to 45, calculated as Number of Children Born / Women Aged 15 to 45

Dependency Ratio

Ratio of people too young or too old to work compared to those in the workforce

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Theory explaining population changes over time, including migration, fertility, economic development, and urbanization

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

Accounts for population growth due to medical advances and predicts changes in population size over time

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

Occurs when birth rates equal death rates, resulting in no population growth

Population Pyramids

Graphical representation showing population structure, gender, and age distribution of a country or region