TOX CHAP 24 PT 2

Flashcards related to key terms and concepts in the risk assessment process.

A quantification of the health problems associated with a chemical at different levels of exposure.

Dose-Response Assessment

The process of evaluating a chemical for its toxic potential, determining associated toxicities.

Hazard Identification

The summary of excess risks in the exposed population based on the assessments.

Risk Characterization

Identification of who is exposed to chemicals and the extent of their exposure.

Exposure Assessment

A level of exposure below which no adverse health effects are expected to occur for noncarcinogens.

Threshold Response

Substances that are considered to have risk at any dose, with no threshold dose established for cancer risk.

Carcinogens

Modifiers applied in risk assessment to account for variability and uncertainty in data.

Uncertainty Factors

The ratio of an exposure over time to the reference dose (RfD) for a substance; a value of 1 or more indicates a risk of adverse health effects.

Hazard Quotient

The accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, in an organism.

Bioconcentration

Estimation of the acceptable daily intake of noncarcinogenic chemicals to avoid adverse effects.

Noncancer Risk Assessment

When the combined toxicity of two chemicals is greater than the sum of their separate effects.

Synergistic Effects

When one chemical reduces the toxicity of another.

Antagonistic Effects

Occurs when chemicals produce effects through different physiological mechanisms.

Independent Effects

When a non-toxic chemical increases the toxicity of another chemical.

Potentiation Effects

A systematic approach used in hazard identification to evaluate the available information on toxicity.

Weight of Evidence