Anatomy U1 - Endocrine to Thalamus 3

Respiratory system function in speech

Provides airflow (power source).

Respiratory system structures

Lungs, diaphragm, trachea, intercostal muscles.

Example of respiratory system in speech

Controlled exhalation gives air pressure for sound.

Phonatory system function

Produces voiced sound.

Phonatory structures

Larynx, vocal folds.

What creates sound in phonation?

Vocal folds vibrating.

Articulatory system function

Shapes sounds into speech.

Articulatory structures

Tongue, lips, teeth, palate, jaw.

Example of articulation

Tongue makes /t/ or /k/.

Resonatory system function

Improves sound quality.

Resonatory structures

Oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx.

Nasal sounds example

/m/, /n/, /ng/.

Nervous system function in speech

Controls and coordinates speech.

Nervous system structures

Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves.

What does motor cortex do?

Sends signals to speech muscles.

Why is auditory feedback important?

Helps correct speech errors.

First step in speech production

Respiratory system generates air.

Second step in speech production

Phonatory system makes sound

Third step in speech production

Resonatory system refines sound

Fourth step in speech production

Articulatory system shapes sounds

System that controls all steps

Nervous system.

Epithelial tissue function

Protection, absorption, secretion.

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Skin and body linings.

Epithelial cells are…

Tightly packed.

Barrier function

Protects from bacteria and viruses.

Epithelial role in speech

Keeps vocal folds moist.

Inner ear epithelial cells do what?

Detect sound vibrations.

Connective tissue function

Support, bind, protect.

What is matrix?

Material holding tissue together.

Cartilage role

Flexible support.

Bone role

Rigid support.

Adipose tissue

Stores fat, cushions.

Areolar tissue role

Supports vocal folds.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary movement.

Smooth muscle

Moves food, controls organs.

Cardiac muscle

Pumps blood.

Nervous tissue function

Sends electrical signals.

Neurons do what?

Transmit signals.

Nerves do what?

Carry motor and sensory info.

Fascia

Sheet that surrounds muscles/organs.

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone.

Tendons

Connect muscle to bone.

Visceral ligaments

Hold organs in place.

Skeletal ligaments

Stabilize joints.

Aponeurosis

Flat sheet-like tendon.

Diarthrodial joint

Freely movable.

Amphiarthrodial joint

Slightly movable.

Synarthrodial joint

Immovable

Ball & socket

All directions.

Hinge

Bend and straighten.

Pivot

Rotation

Saddle

All except rotation.

Gliding

Sliding motion.

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord.

Cerebral cortex

Thinking and sensory processing.

Cerebellum

Balance and coordination.

Thalamus

Sensory relay station.

Basal ganglia

Controls movement.

Brainstem

Breathing, heart rate.

Peripheral Nervous System components

Cranial & spinal nerves.

Trigeminal (V) Cranial nerves

Face sensation, chewing.

Facial (VII) Cranial nerves

Facial expression, taste

Glossopharyngeal (IX) Cranial nerves

Sensory (posterior tongue) and motor (swallowing)

Vagus (X) Cranial nerves

Larynx & pharynx motor control.

Hypoglossal (XII) Cranial nerves

Tongue movement.

Afferent neurons

Sensory to CNS.

Efferent neurons

Motor from CNS.

Dendrites

Receive signals

Soma

Cell body

Axons

Sends signals

Left hemisphere

Language, logic.

Right hemisphere

Creativity, spatial skills.

Frontal lobe

Motor, thinking, speech.

Parietal lobe

Touch & sensation.

Temporal lobe

Hearing & language.

Occipital lobe

Vision

Medulla

Breathing, heart rate, swallowing.

Pons

Sleep and breathing.

Midbrain

Visual & auditory processing.