Chapter 2: The Cell - Basic Unit of Structure and Function

These flashcards review vocabulary and key concepts from Chapter 2, focusing on the structure and functions of cells.

Cytology

The study of cells, often using microscopy.

Plasma Membrane

The selective outer barrier of a cell, regulating the passage of substances.

Cytoplasm

The cellular contents including cytosol, inclusions, and organelles.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing genetic material.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a membrane from a region of higher water concentration to lower.

Passive Transport

Transport of substances across a cell membrane without the use of ATP energy.

Active Transport

Transport of substances against their concentration gradient using ATP energy.

Exocytosis

The process of transporting materials out of the cell in vesicles.

Endocytosis

The process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment.

Glycocalyx

A sugary coating on the external surface of the plasma membrane, formed by glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Phospholipid

A molecule with a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, fundamental to membrane structure.

Rough ER

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes, responsible for protein production and processing.

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic reticulum involved in lipid production and detoxification.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death as a normal part of growth and development.

Necrosis

Irreversible damage to cells due to harmful agents or physical trauma.