apush Reconstruction dbq

Reconstruction phases

Presidential 1863-1866

• Lincoln:

  • Lenient reconstruction to keep South loyalty

  • Southerners pardoned after swearing loyalty

  • 10 percent plan: if 10% of voters swore loyalty then could have a state govt

• Johnson:

  • Same as lincoln but also disenfranchisement of confed leaders/rich confederates

  • Pardoned many wealthy planters

Congressional phase 1866-1877

• controlled by radical Republicans in congress

• Much more strict on south

Wade Davis Bill

1864

50% of voters need to swear loyalty for state to be admitted back

Confederates can’t vote for state constitution

Freedmens Bureau Act

1866

Provided freed African americans with economic transition, resources, education, work, and protected their rights

• Effect: increased literacy rates

Civil Rights Act 1866

Enforced African American equal rights

Military Reconstruction Act

1867

Divided South into 5 military distrits and military occupation in south

• Effect: enforced Reconstruction until 1877

14th Amendment

1868

Established black citizenship

• All ppl born or naturalized citizens

• Defined due process under the law

• Enforced by punishing states that tried to take away rights

• Forbid confederate leaders from getting office unless pardoned

15th Amendment

Black male suffrage

• Effect: high voter turnout and a few black people in power until end of reconstruction

Civil Rights Act 1875

Guarantee equal accomodations for black people

Enforcement and KKK Acts

Made clan gatherings/terrorism illegal

• Cause: KKK formed in South to take away black rights

• Effect: temporarily reduce violence on african americans

How to admit states back

Had to remake their constitutions to follow the US Constitution & the equality it gives

What to do with former Confederate leaders

They can’t vote or hold positions in office

Also had to swear loyalty to the US

How to rebuild South

Return most confederate land back to the South and rebuilt using taxes

• Effect: white ppl still own most of the land

• Effect: return to agriculture (including sharecropping/tenant farming)

1877 Compromise

Removed military occupation of the South in return for Hayes (Republican) presidency

• Effect: ended enforcement of reconstruction and start of Jim Crow

Black economic entrapment

• Most land owned by whites because of generational wealth

• Sharecropping and tenant farming: had to work for landowners to pay off debt

  • Effectively tied poor to land in basically slavery

Slaughterhouse Cases

1873

14th Amendment only provides citizens with rights outlined in national constitution, not state

US v Cruikshank

1876

Equal protection under the law only applies to state violations, not individual

US v Reese

1876

Allowed other voting restrictions besides race

• Try to get around 15th Amendment

• Effect: decreased Southern voters turnout

US v Harris

1883

13th and 14th amendments only protected citizens from civil rights infractions committed by states, not individuals

Southern states draft new state constitutions

1890

Undid the reconstruction era state constitutions

• Effect: implement legal disenfranchisement and segregation

Jim Crow period

Segregation

• separate accomodations for blacks and whites in almost everything

• redlining

• huge indignity to African americans

Disenfranchisement of African Americans (while still letting poor whites vote)

• poll taxes and property qualifications

• subjective literacy tests

• grandfather clause

• moral stipulations

Social violence

• black people must conform to etiquette norms or be harmed

• mobs, lynchings

• Cause: white supremacy/social darwinism

• Cause: fear of black people raping white women

• Cause: think treating black people equally will increase black/white relationships and half race

Plessy v Fergusen

1896

Legalized separate but equal segregation