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Ganymede
Largest moon in solar system
Deimos and Phobos
Mars' two moons
Summer Triangle
Formed by stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair
Full moon
Phase in which the entire sunlight side of the moon is visible
Hertzspring-Russell diagram
Two-dimensional graph that compares stars by temperature and brightness
Comets
Frozen chunks of ice and dust that orbit the sun
Ellipses
Orbits of planets that are symmetrical ovals
Supernova
Explosion of a star
Granules
Convection cells that cover the sun's visible surface
Spicules
Flamelike columns of gas that continually erupt from the lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere
Barred spiral
The galaxy shape of the Milky way
Cassiopeia
Astronomical unit
Unit of measurement that is approximately equal to the distance between the sun and the earth
Photosphere
Visible portion of the sun
Taurus
Ursa Major
Retrograde
Describes Venus's backward rotation on its axis
Zodiac
Imaginary "band" in the sky in which the sun, moon, and planets travel
Satellite
An object that orbits another object
Orion
Circumpolar
Describes a star that is always above the horizon to an observer at a particular location
Asteroid belt's location
Between Mars and Jupiter
Cygnus
Celestial sphere
Imaginary sphere with Earth at the center and the heavenly bodies on its inner surface
Lunar month
Name for the period of time that the moon takes to orbit the earth
Saturn
Planet which contains a ring system
Kuiper belt
Group of small, icy objects that orbit the sun outside the orbit of the outermost planet
Absolute magnitude
Observed brightness that a star would have to an observer located 10 parsecs away
Coma
Cloud of gas and dust that surrounds the center of a comet
Isaac Newton
Person who developed the law of universal gravitation
Pulsar
A rapidly rotating star that emits directional beams of radio waves
Mare
Latin word that refers to the lunar "seas"
Third law of planetary motion
States the relationship between a planet's period and average distance from the sun
Mercury
Fastest moving planet
Parallax
Apparent change in the position of an object caused by an actual change in the position of the observer
Andromeda galaxy
The largest galaxy in the Local Group
Jupiter and Trojan asteroids
These asteroids and planet share an orbit
Main sequence
Category of stars that includes the sun
Black hole
Object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity
Neptune
Outermost planet in our solar system
Jupiter
Largest planet in our solar system
Mars
Planet with the notable feature of Olympus Mons
Venus
Planet called "morning star" and "evening star"
Uranus
Planet that is a gas giant and seems to lie on its side
Perihelion
A planet's closest approach to the sun
Geocentric view
Idea that the earth is at the center of the universe and that the sun, planets, and stars all revolve around the earth
Sirius
Star in Canis Major constellation
Meteor
A small rock from space that is burning up as it passes through Earth's atmosphere
Asterism
A small group of stars that is used to form a picture or represent an object
Vega
Star in Lyra constellation
Nebula
A large cloud of gas and dust in space
Spica
Star in Virgo constellation
Astronomy
The study of God's creation beyond the atmosphere
Polaris
Star in Ursa Minor constellation
Solar eclipse
The phenomenon in which the moon passes between the sun and the earth
Aldebaran
Star in Taurus constellation
Castor
Star in Gemini constellation
Betelgeuse
Star in Orion constellation
Gobular clusters
Tightly clumped spherical groups of thousands or millions of stars that travel outside the boundaries of the Milky way in unusual orbits around the center of the galaxy
Regulus
Star in Leo constellation
Binary star
System in which two stars are bound together by gravity; these stars circle each other like the moon revolves around the earth
Open clusters
Loose, asymmetrical clumps containing tens to hundreds, sometimes thousands, of stars
