KAHOOT EXAM #1 REVIEW

The ability to stay alert in the occurrence of a possible stimulus

• Vigilance

• Sustained attention

• Selective attention

• Alternating attention

The ability to stay alert in the occurrence of a possible stimulus

• Vigilance

• Sustained attention

• Selective attention

• Alternating attention

Vigilance

What structure produces cerebral spinal fluid?

Choroid Plexus

T or F

expressive language is the ability to use words to express thoughts and to understand spoken language .

False, receptive language is to understand language

The ability to hold attention on a single stimulus

• Vigilance

• Sustained attention

• Selective attention

• Alternating attention

Sustained attention

The ability to acquire and process knowledge about the world

• arousal

• cognition

• orienting

• attention

Cognition

The ability to hold attention on a stimulus while ignoring the presence of competing stimuli

• Alternating attention

• Divided attention

• Sustained attention

• Selective attention

Selective attention

The ability to move or alternate attention back and forth from one stimulus to another

• Orienting

• divided attention

• alternating attention

• vigilance

Alternating attention

The ability to attend to one stimulus while simultaneously attending to another

• Sustained attention

• selective attention

• divided attention

• alternating attention

Divided attention

The ability to hold a finite amount of information in the mind for immediate processing and manipulating

• Long term memory

• working memory

• short term memory

• procedural memory

Working memory

The level of wakefulness and the ability to respond to stimuli

• cognition

• orienting

• arousal

• attention

Arousal

The ability to direct attention toward a stimulus

• attention

• orienting

• arousal

• cognition

Orienting

When aroused enough to know that the stimulus is there & to use orienting skills & direct attention to the stimulus

• vigilance

• attention

• arousal

• orienting

Attention

The retention of information for longer than 30 seconds, up to a few hours

• working memory

• long term memory

• Declarative memory

• short-term memory

Short-term memory

The ability to retain information successfully for months or years

• episodic memory

• working memory

• short-term memory

• long-term memory

Long term memory

The encoding, storing, and retrieving of sequences of individual action used to achieve larger objectives.

• Procedural memory

• short-term memory

• working memory

• problem solving

Procedural memory

The ability to remember facts

• cognition

• Declarative memory

• vigilance

• Episodic memory

Declarative memory

The recall of specific, recently experiences events or episodes

• Declarative memory

• working memory

• procedural memory

• episodic memory

Episodic memory

The ability of individuals to know who they are, where they are and when they are

• orienting

• problem-solving

• orientation

• cognition

Orientation

The ability to find an appropriate solution to a problem challenge.

• inferencing

• cognition

• Executive functions

• problem-solving

problem-solving

the ability to take previous knowledge and experience and apply it to interpretation of the present situation.

• Cognition

• background knowledge

• inferencing

• problem-solving

Inferencing

High level cognitive abilities used to employ other lower-level cognitive functions to meet high-level goals

• problem-solving

• evidence based practice

• executive functions

• Occurs in the frontal lobe

• executive functions

• Occurs in the frontal lobe

What is true of language and speech?

• Orienting

• a set of symbols used to communicate meaning

• based on clinical opinion or valid reliable research

• the sounds made to create verbal language

• the sounds made to create verbal language

• a set of symbols used to communicate meaning

What is true of the central nervous system

• Connects the CNS to the rest of the body

• Encased in a soft, flexible structure

• Contains the brain and spinal cord 

• The nerve tracks outside the CNS

Contains the brain and spinal cord 

T or F

The cerebral cortex is the superficial layer of the cerebrum

True

From top to bottom, the 3 parts of the brain stem are as follows

• Medulla pons midbrain

• Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

• Pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain

• pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

White matter…

• unmyelinated neurons

• allows for fast and effective transmissions of neural impulses

• Regulates information with the nervous system

• unmyelinated neurons

allows for fast and effective transmissions of neural impulses

Ridges on the visible portion of cerebral cortex

• Gyri 

• Sulci

• Cerebral meninges

• Fissures

Gyri 

Inward fold of the cerebral cortex

• Fissures

• Gyri

• Pia mater

• Sulci

Sulci

Deep grooves that create major divisions in the anatomy of the brain.

• fissures

• gyri

• sulci

• projection fibers

fissures

T or F

The dura mater is the superficial most layer of the cerebral meninges

True

T or F

The pia mater plays a role in supplying blood to the surface of the brain through the many blood vessels it contains

False; Arachnoid not the pia mater

T or F

The arachnoid mater exists between the dura mater and pia mater

True

Lissencephaly

• Creates a lack of appropriate gyri and sulci of the cortex 

• Responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid

• Two large cerebrospinal fluid cavities

• has nutritive and waste removal responsibilities

Creates a lack of appropriate gyri and sulci of the cortex 

T or F

Leptomeninges are 2 inner thin layers of the meninges, the arachnoid mater, and pia mater

True

T or F

The choroid plexus divides the brain into the left and right cerebral hemispheres

False; corpus callosum divides the brain’s hemispheres

T or F

Lateral ventricles are 2 large cerebrospinal-fluid filled cavities on which the cerebrum rests.

True

T or F

The substania nigra is housed in the mid-brain.

True

T or F

The subcortex deals more in reasoning ability and higher-level cognition

False

T or F

The Circle of Willis acts like a safety valve if occlusion occurs within it but not below it

False

T or F

Anastomoses are connections between blood vessels.

True

T or F

The phrenic nerve is the only spinal nerve that innervates the diaphram.

True

The maxillary branch is responsible for transmitting sensory info to the

• Teeth and upper lips

• Lower teeth and gums

• Forehead and scalp

• all of the above

Teeth and upper lips

The mandibular branch is responsible for:

• upper lip and nasal cavities

• information from portions of the cheeks

• scalp to the central nervous system

• the efferent component innervates muscles of mastication

the efferent component innervates muscles of mastication

T or F

Gray mater is unmyelinated

True

Myelin forms a layer around the ____ of certain neruons.

• Dendrites

• cell body

• cytoplasm

• axons

Axons

Unmyelinated neurons responsible for transmission of impulses from one area of the brain to another are called

• White matter

• Gray matter

• Flail cells

• Interneurons

Gray matter

White matter pathways that connect different structures and areas of the brain within a single hemisphere is called the

• Commissural fibers

• Projection fibers

• Dura mater

• Association fibers 

Association fibers 

T or F

Commissural fibers are white matter fibers that connect analogous areas b/w the 2 cerebral hemispheres

True

T or F

The cerebral meninges encase and envelope the brain but not the spinal cord.

False

Transmits both motor and sensory signals in the CNS & PNS of the brain.

• Lissencephaly

• projection fibers

• association fibers

• commissural fibers

Projection fibers

There are how many lateral ventricles?

• 3

• 1

• 4

• 2

2

T or F

The CSF is responsible for nutritive but not waster removal responsibilities.

False

T or F

The longitudinal fissure divides the corpus callosum into the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

False

T or F

The corpus callosum is a band of gray matter tracts that connects the 2 hemispheres

False

T or F

The choroid plexus is responsible for producing CSF.

True

The Broca’s area is responsible for and located in

• frontal lobe

• temporal lobe

• expressive language

• receptive language

• frontal lobe

• expressive language

The Wernicke’s area is responsible for and located in

• frontal lobe

• temporal lobe

• expressive language

• receptive language

• temporal lobe

• receptive language

T or F

The central sulcus runs down the middle lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere

True

What is correct about the lateral sulcus?

• Passes the central sulcus and then terminates 

• Delineated by posterity by the central sulcus

• A visual illustration of the amount of cortical tissue

• a strip of tissue oriented vertically along the last gyrus

Passes the central sulcus and then terminates 

The frontal lobe cortical is

• A section of the cortex along the first gyrus

• One of the two most anterior sections of the cerebral hemisphere

• Deals with receptive language

• plays a large role in voluntary movement

One of the two most anterior section of the cerebral hemisphere

T or F

The primary motor cortex is located in the parietal lobe

False

T or F

The parietal lobe is also responsible for aiding in hearing

False

T or F

The primary sensory cortex is located in the parietal lobe

True

The temporal lobes are largely responsible for

• memory

• memory & movement

• memory & hearing

• hearing

memory & hearing

The primary auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain 

• Frontal

• Parietal

• Temporal

• Occipital 

Temporal

T or F

 Anterograde amnesia is an inability to create new memories

True

T or F

The primary visual cortex is the most anterior section of the occipital lobe.

False, posterior instead of anterior

What structure connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain

• Vermis

• Peduncles

• Arbor vitae

• Brain stem

Brain Stem

The medulla connects the spinal cord to the 

• Pons

• Substantia nigra

• Cerebellum

• Reticular formation

Pons

The middle and slightly bolus portion of the brain stem is called?

• Pons

• Midbrain

• Substantia nigra

• Medulla

Pons

T or F

The midbrain is the most posterior part of the brain stem.

False

The substantia nigra is responsible for?

• Production of the neurotransmitter serotonin

• Production of the neurotransmitter dopamine

• sending signals to the basal ganglia

• Modulating electrical impulses by the dendrites

Production of the neurotransmitter dopamine

T or F

The basal ganglia is an error control device for movement

False; error control = cerebellum

Ensures the body movement are smoothly coordinated and as error free as possible

• basal ganglia

• cerebellum

• arbor vitae

• conus medularis

Cerebellum

A series of nucei stretching among the midbrain, pons, and medulla

• Reticular formation

• Penduncles

• Cauda equina

• Spinal nerves

Reticular formation

Plantlike shape of fibers of cerebellar hemispheres

• Vermis

• Arbor vitae

• Reticular formation

• Peduncles

Arbor vitae

T or F

The vermis connects the 2 cerebellar hemispheres

True

What is true regarding the peduncles

• They are attachments between the cerebellum and the pons

• They are attachments between the cerebellum and the medulla

• they are attachments between cerebellum and brainstem

• they are attachments between the cerebellum and the midbrain

They are attachments b/w the cerebellum and the pons

Functions as a relay station for neural impulses of sensation and motor

• pons

• cauda equina

• conus medularis

• thalamus

Thalamus

All are parts of the basal ganglia EXCEPT:

• globus pallidus

• caudate nucleus

• anastomoses

• putamen

anastomoses

T or F

The internal carotid arteries area a set of paired arteries that course superficially from the thorax.

True

Supply blood to the frontal and parietal lobes, basal ganglia, corpus callosum

• Anterior cerebral arteries

• Anterior communicating artery

• Vertebral arteries

• Middle cerebral arteries

Anterior cerebral arteries

Supply blood to the language centers of the brain

• Middle cerebral arteries

• Vertebral arteries

• Basilar artery

• Posterior cerebral arteries

Middle cerebral arteries

T or F

The anterior communicating artery is an unpaired anastomosis b/w the right and left anterior cerebral arteries

True

T or F

The basilar artery is an unpaired artery that joins the Circle of Willis anteriorly

False

T or F

The vertebral arteries come together to form the basilar artery at the pons

True

T or F

Connection between blood vessels is called anastomoses

True

Blood supply to the occipital lobe, cerebellum, and interior temporal lobes

• Posterior cerebral arteries

• Anterior cerebral arteries

• Posterior communicating arteries

• Anterior communicating artery

Posterior cerebral arteries

T or F

The posterior communicating arteries courses to the left and right middle cerebral arteries course.

True

T or F

The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm.

True

Transmits afferent information to the upper face, forehead, and scalp to the CNS

• Opthlamic branch

• Mandibula branch 

• Maxillary branch

• Facial branch

Opthlamic branch

T or F

Unilateral innervation is when motor plans come from only the contralateral cerebral hemisphere.

True

T or F

Protective redundancy is when the body duplicates systems to protect proper functioning.

True