Neuroscience Key Concepts: Action Potentials, Neurotransmitters, and Brain Structures

Absolute refractory period

During the ________, a neuron cannot produce an action potential.

Relative refractory period

During the ________, a neuron can produce an action potential, but the excitatory input needs to be stronger than usual.

Hyperpolarized

There are more negative ions inside the axon than usual when a neuron is in a ______ state.

Purkinje cell

Which of the following types of neurons has the most dendrites?

Myelin

Is a white fatty tissue that sometimes surrounds an axon and speeds up the neural signal.

Oxygen and glucose

The neuron needs ________ to function properly.

Astrocytes

The _______ is/are not part of the neuron.

Graded potentials

Some neurons produce ________ potentials that depolarize in proportion to the intensity of the input.

Dorsal

________ is another way of referring to a superior location of the brain.

Synapse

The _____ is the small space between a terminal button of one cell and a dendrite of another cell.

Single axon

A neural impulse traveling over a given distance will do so faster in which of the following situations?

Temporal summation

Sherrington's (1906) research on the reflex arc in dogs demonstrated temporal summation whereby _______.

Action potential

The _________ begins as a chemical process that leads to electrical changes.

Myelinated axons

In ______ axons, the action potential skips across the nodes of Ranvier.

Ionotropic effects

_______ effects are quicker to initiate and shorter lasting than _______ effects.

Radial glia

______ are progenitor cells that make new neurons.

Amphetamine

In class, we discussed how ________ increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens.

Dopamine

Dopamine _______ levels of GABA in the nucleus accumbens.

Nucleus accumbens

Olds and Milner (1954)... likely candidate would be the _______.

GABA

GABA _______.

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