Schizophrenia Spectrum and other psychoses (connect quiz)

Psychosis refers to knowing the difference between

What is real and what is not real

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia:

A. Restricted affect

B. Hallucinations

C.Anhedonia

D. Avolition

Hallucinations

Although she never met the actor Chris Rock, June believes that he is in love with her. This is an example of a

Delusion

Which of the following is the most common type of delusion:

A. Persecutory

B. Somatic

C. Grandeur

D. Thought insertions

A. Persecutory

Fred believes that the FBI has put a wiretap on his phone, and they are trying to entrap him. Most likely, Fred is experiencing a _____.

Persecutory Delusion

People with _____ may belief that the comments of a local politician at a rally are directed at the them

Delusion of reference

Delusion of reference

belief that random events are directed at oneself

persecutory delusions

Belief that oneself or one's loved ones are being persecuted, watched, or conspired against by others

delusions of grandeur

Belief that one has great power, knowledge, talent or that one is a famous or powerful reincarnated person

thought insertion delusion

The delusion that certain of one's thoughts are not one's own, but rather are inserted into one's mind.

somatic delusions

belief that one's appearance or part of one's body is diseased or altered

Faith believes that she is the reincarnation of Cleopatra. Faith is most likely suffering from _____.

Grandiose Delusion

Ivan believes that aliens from a parallel universe are controlling his thoughts. Ivan is most likely experience a

Delusion of thought insertion

A person with schizophrenia:

A. will only experience delusions with the same theme

B. Can only experience one delusion at a time

C. Always experiences a persecutory delusion

D. Can experience several different delusions at the same time

D. Can experience several different delusions at the same time

Delusions are to _____ as hallucinations are to _____.

Thoughts; Perceptions

Which of the following is the most common hallucination

Auditory

visual hallucinations

Seeing things while awake that appear to be real, but instead have been created by the mind

auditory hallucinations

hearing voices, noises, music, or sounds that are not actually real

tactile hallucinations

the false perception of tactile sensory input that creates a hallucinatory sensation of physical contact with an imaginary object.

Judith was experiencing sleep deprivation and thought that spiders were crawling on her skin. Judith was most likely experiencing a(n)_____.

tactile hallucination

Tabitha believes that an alien being is growing inside of her. Tabitha is most likely experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination

somatic

avolition

a symptom of schizophrenia marked by apathy and an inability to start or complete a course of action

A lack of responsiveness to the outside work is referred to as _____ in patients with schizophrenia

Catatonia

Catatonia

a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia:

A. Catatonia

B. Derailment

C. Avolition

D. Delusions

C. Avolition

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

disturbance of affect, blunting (severe reduction in the intensity of affect expression), flat affect, inappropriate affect (might laugh hysterically while describing someones death)

A severe reduction of complete absence of emotional responses to the environment in people with schizophrenia is called

Restricted Affect

restricted affect

severely diminished or limited emotional responsiveness

Katsuo has experienced as loss of the ability to experience pleasure. Katsuo is most likely exhibiting

Anhedonia

Anhedonia

inability to experience pleasure

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is described as an inability to initiate or persist at common, goal-directed activities, including those as work, school, and home?

A. Alogia

B. Avolition

C. Affected Flattening

D. Blunted Affect

B. Avolition

The DSM-5 states that in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, and individual must show two or more symptoms of the psychosis consistently for at least

one month

When are residual symptoms most evident?

After the acute phase of the disorder

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

are most prominent in the prodromal and residual phases.

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is a person most likely to overcome with the help of medication

A. Avolition

B. Restricted Affect

C. Alogia

D. Hallucination

D. Hallucination

With regards to updates made in the DSM-5, which of the following is NOT true with respect to schizophrenia

A. Delusions and/or hallucination must be present

B. The subtypes have been eliminated

C. There is evidence of continued disturbance for at least 6 months

D. Only the paranoid subtype still exists

D. Only the paranoid subtype still exists

Which of the following is true about the prognosis for people with schizophrenia?

A. 35 to 50 percent of people diagnosed with schizophrenia commit suicide

B. 50 to 80 percent of people with schizophrenia will be re-hospitalized at a later point in their lives for another episode

C. Most people with schizophrenia show a progressive deterioration in functioning across their life span

D. People with schizophrenia tend to suffer from fewer infectious and circulatory diseases than those without psychopathology

B. 50 to 80 percent of people with schizophrenia will be re-hospitalized at a later point in their lives for another episode

Family members of people with schizophrenia are at elevated risk of having ______, and vice versa

bipolar disorder

Compared to men with schizophrenia, women with schizophrenia

Show milder negative symptoms between periods of active-phase symptoms

Lawrence experienced delusions and hallucinations for two weeks and also had a manic episode following this two-week period. He continues to experience delusions and hallucinations. Lawrence will most likely receive a diagnosis of

Schizoaffective disorder

Carlos has always functioned well but shows symptoms of schizophrenia for 1-6 months without the restricted affect. His prognosis is good but he will most likely be diagnosed as having _____.

Schizophreniform

Julia suddenly experienced delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech but these symptoms lasted for only 3 days. She is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.

Brief psychotic disorder

Which of the following statements is true of delusional disorder:

A. Individuals have delusions that last at least one month, but do not show any other symptoms of schizophrenia

B. In addition to delusions, individuals also exhibit at least one other positive symptoms of schizophrenia

C. It appears to affect men more than women

D. Its onset tends to be earlier in life than most disorders

A. Individuals have delusions that last at least one month, but do not show any other symptoms of schizophrenia

Jamal believes he is being followed but shows no other psychotic symptoms. Other than his delusion, he does not act oddly or have difficulty functioning. He is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ disorder

Delusional

Which of the following is true about factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia?

A. Strong evidence for a single genetic component to schizophrenia exists and fully explains the connection between genetics and the disorder

B. All people with schizophrenia show structural and functional abnormalities in the brain

C. Prenatal and birth difficulties have been implicated as factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia

D. Prenatal exposure to viruses during the third trimester of gestation decreases the risk of developing schizophrenia as it allows the fetal immune system to build resistance

C. Prenatal and birth difficulties have been implicated as factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia

In the DSM-5, schizotypal personality disorder is recognized as part of

A. personality disorders

B. schizophrenia Spectrum disorders

C. disorders of cognition

D. both personality disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

D. both personality disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

The odd and eccentric behaviors seen in schizophrenia can resemble the symptoms of ____ disorder

Autism spectrum

Family members of people with schizophrenia are at elevated risk of have ______ disorder

bipolar

Compared to people with schizophrenia in developed countries, people with schizophrenia in developing countries

may have social environments that facilitate better adaptation and recovery

Most theorist view schizophrenia as a _____ disorder

neurodevelopmental

Calista shows a pervasive pattern of social deficits and has a great deal of discomfort in close relationships. Her coworkers describe her as odd as she speaks in a peculiar manner, is often suspicious, and is inappropriate in her display of emotion. She would most likely be diagnosed with _____.

Schizotypal personality disorder

According to the research of Irving Gottesman, which of the following children are at highest risk of developing schizophrenia

A child with two biological parents and a monozygotic twin who are schizophrenic

What neurotransmitter is thought to play a role in schizophrenia

Dopamine

Which of the following statements is NOT true of dopamine and schizophrenia

A. Several lines of evidence have supported the original dopamine theory that symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by excess levels of dopamine in the frontal lobe and limbic system

B. Phenothiazines and neuroleptics increase the functional levels of dopamine, which helps to reduce psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia

C. The traditional theory was proved too simple, and evidence supports that many people with schizophrenia do not respond to Phenothiazines, which may indicate that other neurotransmitters are involved in the disorder

D. Critics of the original dopamine theory argue that the theory does not adequately explain the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

B. Phenothiazines and neuroleptics increase the functional level of dopamine, which helps to reduce psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia

Social drift refers to

tendency of people with schizophrenia to drift downward in social class

Although evidence supports the theory of social drift with respect to people with schizophrenia, some recent research showed a different outcome. Which of the following statements reflects this more recent research?

Social status and environment affect schizophrenia rather than just the other way around

Which of the following statements about stress and schizophrenia is true?

A. there is no empirically demonstrated link between stress and schizophrenia

B. Stressful circumstances can cause schizophrenia in people without a genetic disposition to the disorder

C. Stressful events in adulthood may be especially important among people with schizophrenia who experienced adverse childhood experiences

D. No link is demonstrated between stress during childhood, adult stress, and schizophrenia

C. Stressful events in adulthood may be especially important among people with schizophrenia who experiences adverse childhood experiences

Psychosocial factors such as stress and certain types of family functioning can

cause a relapse of symptoms in those who already have the disorder

Interventions that reduce family expressed emotion tend to _______ the rate of relapse in schizophrenic family members

reduce

What is a cognitive strategy for treating clients with schizophrenia

Teaching patients ways of disputing their delusional beliefs or hallucinatory experiences

A common side effect of neuroleptics that consists of involuntary movements of the tongue, mouth, or jaw is

tardive dyskenesia

Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been show to be _______ in treating symptoms of schizophrenia

more effective than typical antipsychotic drugs

_____ interventions include increasing contact between people with schizophrenia and supportive others, often through self-help support groups

social

Which of the following statements is not true of family-oriented therapies

A. Families are taught about the disorder's biological causes, its symptoms, and the medications and their side effects

B. Family members learn communication skills as well as problem-solving skills to reduce the overall level of stress in the family

C. Family member learn behavioral techniques for encouraging appropriate behavior and discouraging inappropriate behavior by the their family member with schizophrenia

D. Family-oriented techniques, even combined with drug therapy, appear to be less effective at reducing relapse rates

D. Family-oriented interventions, even when combined with drug therapy, appear to be less effective at reducing relapse rates

delusions

false beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness

Delusions of being controlled

believing that one's thoughts, feelings, impulses, or actions are controlled by external forces (thought insertion, thought broadcasting, thought withdrawal)

Describe the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Social withdrawal, restricted affect, anhedonia, avolition, asociality lack of motivation, poverty of speech, blunted affect, poor insight, poor judgment, poor self-care, cognitive deficits

twin studies associated with schizophrenia

MZ concordance = 46%; DZ concordance = 14%. Genetic risk exists, but bio/environmental factors influence expression. Discordant MZ twins show more molecular DNA differences than concordant MZ twins.

Structural and brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia

Enlarged ventricles- fluid-filled spaces, reductions in the prefrontal areas of the brain; abnormal connection between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala and hippocampus; social, emotional, and behavioral deficits appear long before development of core symptoms of schizophrenia

Damage to the developing brain- delivery complications, perinatal hypoxia, viral exposure, increased susceptibility during the second trimester

Prefrontal cortex and other key areas- less activity in prefrontal cortex, abnormal hippocampus activation, abnormalities the the volume and shape of hippocampus and that the cellular level