Music History Test 1

Classical Era

Classical Era

1750–1820

Romantic Era

1800–1910

Jazz

Early 20th century onwards

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Classical composer known for symphonies and operas

Ludwig van Beethoven

Transitional composer from Classical to Romantic; Symphony No. 5

Franz Schubert

Romantic composer known for Erlking

Duke Ellington

Jazz composer and bandleader

Classical Orchestra

Balanced sections of strings

Romantic Orchestra

Expanded with more brass

Jazz Ensemble

Combos and Big Bands with instruments like saxophones

Sonata Form

Classical structure with Exposition

Minuet and Trio Form

ABA form often found in Classical symphonies

Symphony 39 Minuet

Example of ABA form with contrasting sections

Symphony 41/Jupiter

Sonata form with clear sections and thematic development

Program Music

Romantic music meant to evoke a story or scene

Concert Overture

One-movement Romantic orchestral work

12-Bar Blues

Common jazz form used for improvisation and solos

AABA Form

Jazz structure used in songs like Take the A Train

Balanced Melodies

Classical melody with clear

Expressive Chromaticism

Romantic melodies often filled with tension and wide leaps

Syncopated Rhythms

Jazz rhythm emphasizing off-beats and creating groove

Homophonic Texture

Main melody with accompaniment

Thick Texture

Romantic music with complex layers of sound and emotion

Call and Response

Common in Jazz

Crescendo

Gradually getting louder

Diminuendo

Gradually getting softer

Rubato

Flexible tempo used in Romantic music for expression

Improvisation

Spontaneous creation of music in Jazz

Thematic Transformation

Romantic technique of developing a theme throughout a piece

Motivic Development

Classical technique where a small musical idea is explored and expanded

Take the A Train

Jazz standard by Duke Ellington

Erlking

A Romantic-era Lied by Schubert

Romeo and Juliet Overture

Concert overture by Tchaikovsky that depicts Shakespeare’s play

Swing

Jazz subgenre emphasizing rhythmic drive and syncopation

Subculture in Jazz

Swing music became associated with marginalized groups and alternative lifestyles in the 1930s

Jazz and Politics

Swing faced backlash due to racial tensions and political movements in 1930s America