Exam 2: Resource Family Management

Ch.7-11

Feedback:

general communication taking place

Communication Process

sender

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Encoding

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Message

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Channel

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Reciever

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Decoding

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Feedback

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Channel

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Sender

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Noise & Barrier in middle of all

True or False: We communicate only when we consciously & deliberately choose to communicate

False

* non verbals and not communicating is form of communicating

Elements of Communication:

* Message

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* Channel

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* Noise

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* Feedback

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* Setting

Message in communication:

total communication that’s sent, listened to & received

Channel in communication:

method that communication travels from sender to reciever

Noise in communication:

unwanted sound that interferes or distracts; barrier to learning & communication

Feedback in communication:

Total response pattern between sender & receiver

setting in communication:

* physical surroundings where message is being communicated
* can bring vivid memories of where we were at time of good / bad news

Constructing Messages

Message Content:

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* encoding

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* decoding

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* responses

Encoding

putting a message together, thinking about what to say or write,

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ex) thinking of how you want to text someone

decoding

recieving the message, reading it, hearing it, interpreting it

Types of Channels:

* indirect channels

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* social channels

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* advocate / expert

indirect channels

* tv, radio, news, magazines, signs

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* NOT having a 2 way convo, receiving info whether you want it or not

Social channels

* friends, family, neighbors

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* interactions with others

advocate / expert

* speeches, politicians , formal letters

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* not 2 way

What affects communication?

* change
* stress
* anger
* cultural differneces
* environment
* group dynamics
* competition

The way we communicate when stressed is symbolic of

our own coping skills or learned behaviors

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effective communication for professionals & families:

* clear & concise
* consistent
* creative
* sensitive to audience
* persuasive
* open to differing opinions

Is there a right / wrong way to communicate?

No, Communication is evolving, there are ways to be healthier with how you communicate however

How does being in an elevated state affect communication?

they cant and dont want to hear what you are trying to say

True or False: Listening is hard

true

is listening critical?

yes

critical listening

listening for information or facts

reflective or empathetic listening-

listening for feelings

True or False- reflective or empathetic listening is easy

False-

it is hard because people aren’t always forthcoming

Informational or Listening for Pleasure:

* music, podcast, audio book, etc

Active Listening

communication skill that involves fully listening to the speaker,

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paying close attention,

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understanding their message,

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and providing feedback to ensure mutual understanding.

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checking it out

What is the most interactive listening we can do?

Active listening

Ostrich effect

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 “ head in sand” , ignorance is bliss

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they don’t want to know information

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pretend to not know whats going on, pretend its not happening

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don’t tell anything, very unhealthy communication

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* this goes on in a lot of relationships and families

Does perfect communication exist?

No

When listening you should

* face your partner

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* appropriate eye contact

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* provide non verbal feed back

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* Use 2 question approach

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* use how, what, where & when

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What is the 2 Question Approach?

asking a ?, listen for answer, ask 2nd question in response

should biases interfere with listening?

No

Silence is

Golden

silence can encourage

someone to verbalize, if its an interested, expectant silence

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* gives person time to collect their thoughts & organize ideas

“I “ messages / statements are

assertive

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* proactive
* owning the message

“You” messages/ statements are

aggressive

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* default to this when we are upset, mad, etc
* puts other person on defense
* focuses on other person rather than the issue

Non-Verbal Communication

unintentional transmissions or messages between people

Non Verbal Channels

* body language
* facial expression
* eye contact
* artifacts
* proxemics
* silence
* touch
* paralange : pitch, speed, volume
* smell

Non Verbal Artifacts

* fidgeting, clicking of pen or doing something with hands or legs

Non Verbal Proxemics

* being conscious of personal space
* when talking to child get on their level instead of talking down to them

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Open - Ended Questions

?s that don’t have a yes or no answer

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* who
* what
* where
* when
* why

Small Group Communication:

* cohesion

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* families

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* effective size (3-13)

whats the golden number for effective small group size?

5

Are there gender differences in verbal communication?

yes

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* some things innate, others learned behavior in culture or families, etc

Masculine Verbal Communication:

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* avoid personal stories

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* attempt to dominate convo

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* LESS likely to listen closely

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* fact driven

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* more aggressive

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* more prone to interupt

Feminine Verbal Communication:

* shares / offers personal stories

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* concerned w/ equalized input

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* listens carefully

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* allows themselves to be interrupted more

Communication Failure involves how many indicators of the end of a relationship?

4 Horsemen

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1. criticism
2. contempt
3. deffensiveness
4. stonewalling

criticism in communication failure

“You never think about how your behavior is affecting other people. I dont believe your that forgetful, you’re just selfish, you never think of me”

Contempt in Communication Failure

“You’re tired? Cry me a river, I’ve been helping the kids w/ virtual classes all day and working full time. All you do is buisness calls from sun up to sun down & play those idiotic video games, You act like a child!”

Defensiveness in Communication Failure

* “ i was just too busy today. as a matter of fact, you know just what my schedule was, why didn’t you just do it?”

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* Fight or Flight, we want to right, learned in childhood

Can certain people trigger defensiveness in us?

yes. especially family & relationships, know how to push our buttons

Stonewalling in Communication Failure

* the listener withdralws from the interaction, shutting down & closing themselves off from the speaker because they are feeling physiologically flooded

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* can be silent treatment, emotional abuse

Family Communication Conflicts

* emotional intensity

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* # of interactions

are communication conflicts in families common?

yes, due to intimate, ongoing nature of the relationship

Does the outside environment overlap into family conflict?

Yes.

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We carry outside stuff with us and we bring that into our relationships and communication with each other

Is keeping the peace help anyone?

no

Communication Conflicts:

* Interpersonal

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* Destructive

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* Constructive

Interpersonal Communication Conflict

* actions by 1 person that interfere in some way w/ the actions of another

Destructive Communication Conflict

* specific type of interpersonal conflict involving direct verbal attacks on another person

Constructive Communication Conflict

* Focus on issues or problem rather than other person’s faults

What do we want to encourage when in communication conflict?

Constructive Conflict: focuses on issue NOT persons faults

Information Overload

* Passive vs Active Acquisition

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* Low involvement

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* Habitual Decision Making

Passive vs Active Acquisition (info overload)

* Not actively seeking info

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* ads, billboards, pop up ads online

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True or False: the way we take in info impacts how we make our decisions?

True

Low Involvement (info overload)

* reactions to ads/ sinage/ info & making decisions w/o thinking about it

Habitual Decision Making (info overload)

* choices are being made w/o communicating or finding out new info

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* you know what you like, don’t want to stray away from it

Active acquisition

seeking out information before making that decision 

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Passive

not actively seeking out information

We need to think about Human needs in 3 different ways

* Cognitive (thinking, info, knowledge)

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* Affective (emotional, feeling)

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* Psychomotor (physical)

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all overlapping

Changing Population

* demography

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* demographics

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* fertility rates

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* mortality

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* immigration

Demography / demographics

Who lives there

(population, certain %, age ranges, who makes up a certain area, characteristics of population)

Fertility Rates

birth rates

Mortality rates

deaths per 1,000 people during given time

Immigration

 # of people immigrating to a country

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Demassification

(Toffler)

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* becoming a more mosaic society, where diversity is recognized & fostered

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* appreciating how complex & diverse a society is, understanding 

“Graying of America”

* Baby Boomers (born btwn 1946- 1964)

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* 1988 “Baby Boomlet” : 3.9 million births

Baby Boomer

* Post WWII

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* Now accessing social security & medicare
* Going to see an increase in caregiving as they get older
* Unhealthier group of people (lots of smoking, soldiers that went to vietnam and were exposed to agent orange related cancers, tending to get sicker younger)

How many people die each year in the U.S.?

Over 2 million people

Has death rate increased or decreased?

Decreased due to :

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* declining rates of heart disease

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* better nutrition & fitness, less smoking

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* improvements in prenative health care

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* improvements in infant mortality rates

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Does the U.S. have an increase or decrease in number of maternal death rate?

Increase

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* Considered up until age 2 for infants mortality
* Other environmental factors 
* Continuing closing birthing centers
* Less prenatal care
* Women of color rates are double of white women 

What is the fastest growing groups in the U.S.?

Minority Groups

How many people are over the age of 65 today in the U.S?

47\.8 million people

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* projected to more than double by 2060

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Dual Income / Dual Earner

Both spouses have income producing jobs

Dual income house couples tend to be:

* better educated, more mobile, better spenders

Are dual income or single earner families more likely to own their home?

dual income

What percent of families are dual income?

nearly 45% of all families

two income families

* Seeing shift over last 50 years 


* Wasnt until last 25 years that we’ve seen this take off
* Some times necessary for people 
* Also takes off because its 2 careers that each want for themselves
* Family to family, very personal
* Not always in a better financial situation
* Short term needs come at expense of longterm plans

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Modern Families

* single parent families

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* blended families

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Single parent families

* can arise from never being married, being abadoned, widowed, or divorced

blended families

* includes kids from previous marriages / relationships

True or False: marital satisfaction is significantly **lower** when both spouses bring kids into marriage

true

Poverty

state of being poor & inability to provide for basic needs on a consistent basis

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(not necessarily permenent)

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True or false: Poverty is not a tough month, its the inability to provide for most basic needs on **consistent** basis, typically over years or generations, 

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true

Major shifts in the economy have

greater impact:

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* low income fams still feeling impact from Great Recession 2007-2009
* now facing a post pandemic economy

Fatalism

ALL events are thought to be Shaped by Fate

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* feeling No control over their fate, sense of hopelessness & low expectations

Fatalism plays into

Locus of Control: because if you feel like you have no control over something it feels like it will never get better 

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True or False: The economy impacts families in ways we have No control over

True

Caregiving

you can care for anyone, child, disabled, elderly family member, etc.