anatomy exam 4 workbook

what do mesanephros do?

deliver waste to mesonephric duct

What do metanephros turn into?

urteric bud and metanephric blastema

your kidney

what happens when there is retention of mesonephric duct

penis and associated

what happens when there is retention of the paramesonephric duct?

uterus and associated

what type of tissue makes up the kidney

dense connective, which keeps its shape and prevents infection

how does blood get to and from the kidney

renal artery branches from abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the kidney

which renal vein is longer?

left renal vein

what is the order of blood supply to the cortex of the kidney

1. renal artery

2. segmental artery

3. interlobar artery

4. arculate artery

5. cortical artery

really sweet interns always care

what is the mucosa of the ureter and bladder?

transitional epithelium

what is the purpose of the submucosa in the bladder?

helps maintain integrity of mucosa

how many layers of muscle is in the ureter?

2

how many layers of muscle is in the bladder?

3

what is the function of the adventitia in the ureter and bladder?

supports outside of ureter and bladder, helps with recoil

where does the urinary bladder sit?

behind the pubic bone

where does the prostate gland sit?

inferior to the bladder

how is the urethra formed?

extension of detrusor muscle

smooth muscle

autonomic control

explain the micturition reflex

1. stretch receptors in bladder trigger micturition reflex

2. impluses travel to detrusor muscle and internal anal sphincter

3. smooth muscle in internal sphincter relaxes

4. smooth muscle in detrusor contracts

5. person has to consciously relax external sphincter

where is the parotid gland located and what does it secrete

anterior to ear

serous secretions

where is the sublingual gland located and what does it release

below the tongue

mucus secretions

what is the first phase of swallowing

tongue raises against the palate to move food back into the pharynx

what is the second phase of swallowing

suprahyoid muscles contract to raise the larynx and lengthen the pharynx

hyoid moves anteriorly to increase pharynx diameter

what is the third phase of swallowing

infrahyoid muscles lower the larynx and lengthen the pharynx

hyoid returns posteriorly to decrease diameter of pharynx

what do duodenal glands release

alkaline bicarbonate to neutralize acid from stomach

what do goblet cells secrete

mucus to lubricate intestinal wall

what do enteroendocrine cells signal

gallbladder to release bile

what do parietal cells produce

HCl

where do digestive enzymes pool into

pancreatic duct

how does bile get to the common bile duct

bile leaves liver from hepatic ducts

stored in gallbladder

travel through cystic duct

hepatic duct meets cystic duct

common bile duct

how does bile get to small intestine

common bile duct + pancreatic duct

hepatopancreatic ampulla

• releases bile and digestive enzymes into duodenum

what are the muscles that form the pelvic floor diaphragm

levator ani

coccygeus

what type of erectile tissue form the body of the clitoris and cruras

corpora cavernosa

what does the dartos muscle do

regulates heat loss by wrinkling the scrotum, or relaxes and expands

what does the cremaster muscle do

elevates testes when cold

descends when warm

what is the space between the bladder and uterus

vesicouterine pouch

what is the space between the bladder and rectum

rectovesical pouch

what is the space between the uterus and rectum

rectouterine pounch

how does sperm get to the external urethral orifice

testes —> epididymis —> ductus deferens —> ejaculatoy duct —> urethra —> external urethral orifice

what does the bulbourethral gland secrete

mucus

what does the prostate gland secrete

prostate specific antigen

seminalplasmin

what does the seminal vesicle secrete

fructose

prostaglandins

bicarbonate

what three structures form the adnexa

fallopian tubes

ovarian ligament

round ligament

what are the three parts of broad ligament

mesometrium

mesovarium

mesoalpinx

what does the mesometrium cover

surronds the uterus

what does the mesovarium cover

the ovarian ligament and ovaries

what does the mesoalpinx cover

uterine tubes

what plexus provides autonomic innervation to the organs within the pelvis and control blood flow the erectile tissues

inferior hypoagstric plexus

what nerve carries sensory innervation from the external genitalia and somatic motor innervation to the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

internal pudendal artery

where do ovarian arteries branch from

abdominal aorta

fertilization typically occurs in the __ of the uterine tube

ampulla

what hormone intiates the released of primordial follicles within the ovary

FSH

where is the adrenal gland located

superior to kidney

where is the thyroid gland located

inferior part of the neck

top arrow is

superior labial frenulum

bottom arrow is

inferior labial frenulum

2nd arrow up from bottom is

lingual frenulum

3rd arrow up from bottom is

palatine tonsil

where is the pituitary gland and what does it do

hypothalamus, anterior and posterior

where is the thyroid gland and what does it do

lower neck, anterior to trachea

releases the thyroid hormone

and increases basal metabolic rate/activity

how many parathyroid glands are there

4 on the posterior thyroid gland

where is parathyroid hormone released

when calcium levels are low

where are the adrenal (suprarenal) glands located

superior to the kidneys

cortex is outer

medulla is inner

what gland is responsible for your short-term stress response

adrenal medulla

what are chromaffin cells

modified post synaptic sympathetic neurons

what gland is responsible for your long-term stress response

adrenal cortex

what does aldosterone do

increases blood pressure by stimulating reabsorption of sodium and water

what does cortisol do

increase glucose levels in the blood and breaks down protein

where is the pancreas located

behind the stomach

what is the exocrine part of the pancreas

acinar cells secreting digestive enzymes into the duodenum

what does the endocrine part of the pancreas do

pancreatic islet cells, alpha (release glucagon) and beta cells (insulin, and signals liver)

what is homologus to the glans of clitoris

glans of penis

what is homologus to the body of clitoris

corpora cavernosa

what is homologus to the crus of clitoris

crus of penis

what is homologus to the bulb of vestibule

bulb of penis

what is homologus to the labia majora

scrotum

how long is menstrual cycle

1-5 days

when does ovulation occur

day 14

what happens after ovulation

luteal phase