Studied by 45 peoplePeriod 2 (Classical Era) Concepts
standardization of key cultural + religious traditions
development of states and empires
trading networks
syncretism
putting different practices together and changing/using them in different ways.
ruler of Qin Dynasty:
Qin Shi Huangdi
“first emperor”
brutal leader
legalism
belief that humans are bad and in order to organize them, a central leader must implement strict rules and regulations.
Qin Dynasty believed in ….
legalism - harsh punishments and rules by a leader
bureaucrats
a body of government officials who are not elected but form an administrative policy making group
Qin Dynasty used bureaucrats because ….
they would be loyal
they are unbiased
wouldn’t abuse power
Great Wall of China
Qin Dynasty
made of mud
wide enough for chariots to move on top of it
built by forced labor (bad conditions - hot weather, disease, etc.)
Purpose of the Great Wall of China
provide defense
ensure safety
Qin Dynasty developed by …
standardization of everything (money, measures, etc)
irrigation was sponsored
promoted manufacturing (silk)
purpose - organization
Qin Dynasty negatives:
attacked chinese culture
no independent thinkers
rejected confucianism
Han Dynasty
after the death of Qin
centralized gov’t
less brutal punishments and oppression
Emperor Wudi
Han Dynasty expansion:
expanded
brings the Han directly into contact with India/Middle East
higher trades
more commerce
Emperor Wudi
The Han Dynasty
most famouse
longest reigning
established contact with the west
enforced peace
guided the people to much prosperity
Golden Age of China - success
fan oof confucianism
Confucius - K'ung Fu-tzu
han dynasty
civil service exams
believed in human virtues and peace
scholar
founder of confucianism
Confucianism
promote social order
moral and ethical gov’t
humans are good
bring peace and maintain order
harmony
filial piety
people are educated
filial piety
the virtue of exhibiting the proper love and respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors
Decline of Han Dynasty
people lose the concern of caring because they were in prosperity
invasions from central Asia
central control weakens
Decline of Qin Dynasty
The First Emperor's (Qin Shi’s) brutal techniques and tyranny produced resistance among the people, especially the conscripted peasants and farmers whose labors built the empire.
Chinese Dynasty
Han
Qin
Daoism
natural flow of life
spiritual relative to confucianism
life was fregal
harmony with nature
finding balance
no political activity was relevant
“Shi” class
confucianism
educated
gentlemen
role models
India’s location benefits:
surrounded by water
good for crops
better protection
mountain ranges
Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro
India
huge population
most advanced infrastucture
standardization
Aryans
a people who were said to speak an archaic Indo-European language and who were thought to have settled in prehistoric times in ancient Iran and the northern Indian subcontinent
Caste system
India
organized people in the society by specific classes
each person was born in a caste
unchangeable
changes only through reincarnation
Hinduism
oldest living religion
entrances many different religions
many gods - polytheistic
different practices
The Veda
stories of gods and standards for human behavior
India - Hinduism
Dharma - Hinduism
one’s duty or virtue
an individual's duty fulfilled by observance of custom or law
Karma
every good action follows with a good thing
every bad action will follow through
what goes around comes around
Reincarnation
Samsara: Reincarnation
Hinduism
when someone dies, they are reborn
bad person in old life = poor servant in the rebirthed life
Moksha: Enlightenment
get out of the cycle
reaching enlightenment means escaping reincarnation
definition - the use and celebration of reason, the power by which humans understand the universe and improve their own condition
Hindu caste system
determined by birth
born into your role
determined social standing
unchangeable - unless you are rebirthed
Polytheism
many gods
Hinduism
regulated natural forces
Buddhism
India
nontheistic - no god or deities
obtain enlightenment and reach nirvana
Siddhartha Gautama - Buddhism
Buddha
wealthy
decided to seek enlightenment
Four Noble Truths
Buddhism
must follow to obtain enlightenment
1. life is suffering (2. 3. 4. etc…)
The Eightfold Path
guidelines on how to live a life free of desires
1. right view (2-8 - “Right ______”)
Nirvana
place of eternal rest and escape from reincarnation (Buddhism)
Bodhisattva
one who forgoes nirvana to continue teaching others (Buddhism)
Mauryan Empire
mostly unified India
large armies
Chandragupta Maurya
leader of Mauryan empire
relied on her own personal military power and support
gave up all wealth (escetic)
Ashoka Maurya
grandson of Chandragupta
wealthy, lavish lifestyle
expanded the empire
converts to Buddhism
believed in dharma
Edicts of Ashoka
being a good person
reinforced kindness, religious tolerance hospitality
trades and communication improved
extensive road networks
Fall of Mauryan Empire
Ashoka’s style of governing didn’t work because he had a Buddhism influence
falls into separate kingdoms - divided
Kushans invade from the NW
Buddhism became associated with the opposing side (foreign rule)
Hinduism was the most widely practiced
Gupta Empire
Golden Age
united
Indian empire
relied on alliances to gain power
lost land literature (epics)
developments in math/science/medicine/art
Fall of the Gupta
invaded by a group of warriors known as the Huns
Silk Routes
connection of land and seas
Eastern Asia to Mediterranean basin
Great Wall extended to protect the trade routes
water based traveling - relied on the winds to effectively travel
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
camels were used
they are able to navigate and adapted well to the fry environments
Trades
amber
rice
silk
paper
money printing
navigation tools
etc…
Note
Flashcard