History

Imperialism

Policy of cultural, economic, or political influence over societies

Colonialism

the acquisition and exploitation of territory by a foreign power for its own economic and political benefit

Hausa

a tribe of Northern Nigeria

Yoruba

A tribe in southwest Nigeria and Benin

Igbo

A tribe in southeastern Nigeria

Niger River Valley

Nigerians occupied for thousands of years; where first arrival of Portuguese came

Sokoto Caliphate

Africa’s largest pre-colonial state; controlled Northern Nigeria into 1800s

Scramble for Africa

Time period where European countries right to Africa in competition for natural resources and claims of colonial land

Berlin Conference

meeting between European countries to establish guidelines for colonizing Africa

Cecil Rhodes

Major figure in colonizing Africa for Britain

King Leopold II

Gruesome colonizer of the Congo

Belgian Congo

When King Leopold II took over the Congo

Protectorate

indirect rule

Northern Protectorate

one of three main regions of rule in Nigeria, later combined with the Southern Colony to form Nigeria

Southern Protectorate

One of three main regions of rule in Nigeria, later forms with Lagos to form Southern Colony

Lagos Colony

One of three main regions of rule in Nigeria, later forms with Southern Protectorate to become southern colony

Indirect Rule

a system of governance used by the British that relied on existing indigenous and local leaders to carry out laws and orders from British imperial authorities

Colonial Rule

a direct rule using British officials run with a British government structure, complete control of political, economic and socio-cultural decisions by colonizing the country

Manchu

Colonized China; kept Manchu

Qing Dynasty

People from Manchuria conquered China; the last dynasty; started off okay, but ended chaotically

Queue

the hairstyle men were required to have during the Qing dynasty; was sign of rebellion to have anything different

Emperor Kangxi

Manchu emperor; promoted Confucian ideas through the support of Chinese scholars; removed taxes and labor demands; started the southern inspection tours

Emperor Qianlong

Manchu Emperor; portrayed himself in other cultures; expanded west and south; puts the Canton Trade System in place

The Canton Trade System

limited foreign trade to one port, only allowed Hongs to trade

Hongs

specialized merchants who had trading privileges in the merchant districts of Canton

Canton

The one port other countries were allowed to use to trade with China

Imbalance of Trade

Britain wants tea, silk, and porcelain, but China only wants silver; Britain doesn’t have enough silver

The British East India Company

Only British company allowed to trade in China; creates a monopoly

ambassador MacCartney

British Ambassador in China who wants the Canton Trade System to end

Commossioner Lin TseHsi

Chinese official hired by Qianlong to ban opium; sent into exile after being blamed for opium war

King George III

Monarch of Britain during Canton Trade System and Opium trade

Queen Victoria

Monarch during opium war; known for strong stance in imperialism

First Opium War

After Commissioner Lin banned opium, he destroys the British opium trade ships which Britain takes as an act of war

Treaty of Nanjing

China is forced to sign; agrees to gain a port at Hong Kong for 99 years, Chinese much pay money to the British government and merchants, access to 5 new Chinese ports, extraterritoriality

Extraterritoriality

Citizens of one country living in another follow the law of their country and have amnesty to the laws of the country they are in

Hong Kong

British gained a port at for 99 years

Taiping Rebellion

Anti-Manchu uprising started by the Chinese Christian movement; promised a more equal economy and an end to the Manchu war; ended with the help of western powers

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-Western rebellion against anything foreign; secret support from Empress Cixi; led to destruction of western areas of Beijing; 8-nation army invaded Beijing to stop

Era of Unequal Treaties

Eastern powers were forced to sign treaties because they don’t have the advancement to fight the west

Self Strengthening

Movement where china tries to reform military and economy; happened in three parts; 100 days of reform

Shinto

The way of the Kami; the main deity is Amaterasu; No founder, scripture, religious philosophy or moral code,

Amaterasu

main deity of Shinto; descendants are emperor

Kami

Spirits in Shinto

Feudal system

Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, peasant, artisans, merchants

Emperor

Figurehead until Meiji restoration

Shogun

Military government; does actual ruling; like the prime minister

Daimyo

noble/ lord that is given a grant of land to rule

Samurai

hired by the Daimyo to protect land; follows Bushido; must commit Seppuku if captured by enemy

Bushido

way of the warrior

Seppuku

ritual suicide

Warring States Period

After the collapse of the Ashikaga Shogunate; powerful daimyo, weak shogun

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

fought as a samurai; completed the unification of Japan

Tokugawa Ieyasu

begins the Tokugawa Shogunate by taking control of the Council of Elders during battle; move the capital to Edo from Kyoto; creating stable, orderly, and strong central government

Tokugawa Shogunate

Shogunate during the 250 years of peace, strict social class, and order; focused on strengthening Japan's economy and preventing uprisings

Alternate Attendance System

Daimyo are forced to live in the capital city every other year; prevents uprising

Tokaido Road

Connecting highway between districts and Tokyo; heavy merchant presence

Sakoku

Japan’s word for closed country

Commodore Perry

sent by Millard Filmore to make Japan open up its borders

Blue Eyed Devils

Japan’s reference to western people

Tengu Perry

Japan’s name for Commodore Perry, called him a goblin

American “Black Ships”

Japan’s name for American gunboats; portrayed them as monsters in art

Treaty of Kanagawa

Unequal treaty between Japan and America; forces Japan to open its ports; caused other western countries to threaten war so they could get ports in Japan

Meiji Restoration

Era of Rapid industrialization and political, social, and economic change in Japan; abolished class system; government established private land ownership and new tax system; funded modern transportation and communication systems

Sino Japanese War

After Japan's reforms they try to take Korea from China; western powers aren’t impressed

Russo Japanese War

Japan defeats Russia for Manchuria gives them respect as a major world power