Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards for vocabulary review.

Density

How much mass you have in a given volume.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom.

Valence Electrons

The number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom.

Valences

How many unpaired electrons are there in the outer shell of nitrogen?

Energy shells/levels/orbitals

Regions where electrons move. The first energy shell can take two electrons, the next energy shell has eight spaces, and the third energy shell has eight.

Ion

Anything that has a different number of electrons than protons.

Cation

An ion with a positive charge.

Anion

An ion with a negative charge.

Carbon 14 dating

A useful tool for seeing how old or rather how long ago something died.

Half-life

The time it takes for half a quantity of an isotope to degrade, and it's a constant.

Covalent bond

Electrons being shared between atoms.

Ionic bond

A cation stuck to an anion.

Salt

An ionically bonded substance.

Acids

A substance mixed into water such that the solution has more hydrogens than hydroxides

Base

A substance mixed with water and I end up with more hydroxides than hydrogens

Neutral Solution

Hydrogens and hydroxides in equal amounts in a solution, in a liquid form

Polarity

The uneven distribution of electrons.

Electronegativity

Pulling on electrons.

Hydrogen bond

When any of these charges stick to anything else with a charge

Catalyst

Speed up chemical reactions.

Enzymes

The most important type of catalyst we have. Most of our most catalysts in us are enzymes. They're protein enzymes. And most of them end in ACE.

Cohesion

Water stuck to another water.

Adhesion

Water is stuck to a surface.

Specific heat

The amount of energy required to change one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

Heat of vaporization

The amount of energy it takes to change one gram of substance from its liquid form to its gaseous form.

Heat of fusion

The amount of energy it takes to take to change phases between the solid and liquid form.

Hydrophilic

Water loving. Something mixes with water

Hydrophobic

Water fearing. Something that has no charge is called hydrophobic. That is it doesn't mix with water.

Solvent

A liquid into which other things mix.

Solute

The stuff that mixes with water

Solution

When you mix solutes and a solvent together