Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer

Begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow out of control

Found only in males that makes fluid that is part of semen.

Prostate gland

Most common cancer in men

prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is often classified as?

adenocarcinomas

Inherited gene mutations

can be passed from generation to generation

it plays a role in about 10% of prostate cancer

Acquired gene mutations

mutates during a person’s lifetime and not passed on to children

mostly develop during man’s time and not being inherited

Diet

• High calorie intake

• High fats

• Red meats

• Dairy products

these increases risks for prostate cancer

Obesity

lower risk of getting low-grade (slower growing) form of disease and higher risk of getting more aggressive (faster growing) prostate cancer

Chemical exposure

AGENT ORANGE

chemical that contains dioxins; used during Vietnam war that is highly toxic and can cause cancer, reproductive and developmental problems, damage to the immune system, and can interfere with hormones

Causes of Prostate Cancer (IADOS CPS)

Inherited gene mutations
Acquired gene mutations
Diet
Obesity
Smoking
Chemical Exposure
Prostatitis
Sexually Transmitted Infections

Risk factors for Prostate Cancer (ARFG)

Age
Race/Ethnicity
Family History
Gene Changes

Age

rare in men younger than 40

chances of having prostate cancer rises rapidly after the age of?

50

BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes

genes that produce proteins that help repair DNA and prevent cancer

Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Obstruction
Blood in urine or semen
Painful ejaculation
Hematuria
Sexual dysfunction
Backache
Hip pain
perineal and rectal discomfort
anemia
weight loss
weakness
nausea
oliguria
spontaneous pathologic fractures
frequent urination
weak or interrupted urine flow (leading to oliguria)
need to strain to empty bladder
pain sensation during urination
nocturia (frequent need to urinate at night
erectile dysfunction

Can spread to ____________ and bone

lymph nodes

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

protein produced by the prostate gland that can be measured in the blood to help detect prostate cancer

every year between the ages of 55 and 69

below 4.0 indicates a 15% chance of prostate cancer

level above 10.0 indicates a greater than 50% chance

can't diagnose cancer, and it can't show what's causing abnormal PSA levels

Digital rectal exam (DRE)

medical test that checks for abnormalities in your rectum, anus and prostate gland

used to identify signs of prostate infection

Gleason Score

Assigns grades based on how much the cancer looks like normal prostate tissue

• If cancer looks a lot like normal prostate tissue; grade of 1 is assigned

• If cancer looks very abnormal; given a grade of 5

• Grades 2 through 4 have features in between these extremes

PCA3 (Prostate Cancer Gene 3)

urine-based molecular test that measures the expression of PCA3 in cells from the prostate found in a urine sample

Before collecting the sample, a doctor performs a digital rectal exam (DRE) to help move PCA3 into the urethra

more accurate than the PSA test for diagnosing prostate cancer

Radical prostatectomy

first-line treatment for prostate cancer

Complete surgical removal of prostate, seminal vesicles, tips of the vas deferens, often the surrounding fat, nerves, blood vessels

cryosurgery of the prostate

used to ablate prostate cancer in patients who cannot tolerate surgery

used for those with recurrent prostate cancer

Prevention

Maintain or get a healthy weight
Keep physically active
Follow healthy eating pattern
Take vitamins
Take medicines

Healthy diet for Prostate Cancer

• variety of colorful fruits

• vegetables

• whole grains

• avoid or limit red and processed meats

• avoid sugar-sweetened beverages

• avoid highly processed foods

Vitamins, mineral and other supplements

• vitamin E

• Selenium supplements

• Soy

• Isoflavones proteins (lower risk of developing prostate cancer)

Medicines (5DA)

• 5-alpha reductase inhibitors

• Dutasteride

• Aspirin

5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride (Proscar)

treats the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and male pattern hair loss

Dutasteride (Avodart)

decreases the size of your prostate

may reduce the chance of developing acute urinary retention (sudden inability to urinate)

Aspirin

delay the progression of prostate cancer