Protein Synthesis

Flashcards covering key concepts related to protein synthesis, including definitions, processes, and the roles of different types of RNA.

What is the primary role of DNA in cells? to restore dead cells

To direct the cell’s activities by controlling the proteins the cell produces.

What are proteins made up of?

Amino acids.

How many different amino acids exist?

20.

What determines the particular structure and characteristics of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

What is the process of creating mRNA from DNA called?

Transcription.

Where does transcription occur?

In the nucleus.

What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?

Ribosome.

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

To transport amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA sequence.

What is the structural difference between RNA and DNA?

RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

In the context of transcription, what does mRNA represent?

A copy of the gene that is a ‘mirror image’ of the DNA.

What replaces thymine (T) in RNA?

Uracil (U).

What is a codon?

A set of 3 bases that codes for a certain amino acid.

What happens during translation?

The synthesis of polypeptides (proteins) by ribosomes using mRNA.

How many different codons can the 4 bases in DNA form?

64 different codons.

What begins the process of protein synthesis?

A copy of the gene is made into mRNA.

What is the end signal during protein synthesis called?

Stop codon.