Effects of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
HIROSHIMA: little boy, 140k deaths, Aug. 6, 1945, uranium
NAGASAKI: fat man, 70k, Aug. 9, 1945, plutonium
Potsdam Conference and Declaration
final warning to Japan by the Big 3
Fission vs. Fusion Bombs
FISSION: division of atom into 2 light atoms, discovered by the Nazis
FUSION: 2 light atoms merge, more powerful
The Manhattan Project
research and development of nuclear bombs,
Nazis vs. America.
Began in 1942
Oppie
credited with bringing quantum physics to America
‘american prometheus’
“and now I have become death”
Leslie Groves
director of the Manhattan project
selected oppie
Los Alamos NM, the Trinity Test, and its relationship to the Manhattan Project
primary research and assembly
'“the Gadget” tested on July 16, 1945
Oak Ridge, Tennessee and Hanford, Washington and their relationships to the Manhattan Project
refinement of uranium and plutonium
the Einstein Letter
Einstein writes letter, warning FDR saying the Nazis are making the bomb
impact of the Pacific War on the soldier
race war
many American soldiers killed Japanese civilians for fun
Japanese soldiers fought to the death, extremely violent
Island hopping
to travel island from island, in hopes of getting close enough to Japan to bomb it
Saipan
June 15th, 1944
first official Japanese territory
20k civilians
many civilians killed themselves in fear of the Americans
Iwo Jima
Feb 19, 1945
216 out of 18,000 Japanese soldiers were captured, 99% died
Okinawa
April-June 1945
largest Pacific battle
Japanese lured them in
150k civilians dead
close enough to bomb Japan
Propaganda and the War in the Pacific
war of racial and geographical differences
Japanese portrayed as rats, lice, aliens, etc., easier to see Japanese as not human
Xenophobia following Pearl Harbor
post pearl-harbor: mass fear of Japanese
justified removal
Fifth Column
a group of people invited to a country
fear that Japanese-Americans were spies for the Japanese gov.
Executive Order 9066
removal of 120,000 Japanese-Americans from West Coast
Issie
Japan-born Japanese, immigrants (1/3 of camps)
Niesi
American-born Japanese-Americans (2/3 of camps)
Internment
first sent to assembly centers bc camps not ready
could only take what they could carry
Location of Internment Camps
Korematsu vs. U.S.
said Exec. Order 9066 violated the 5th amendment
ACLU represented Korematsu
Redress Movement
younger generation wanted reparations, older generations refused to talk about it
20,000 dollars granted to individuals of Japanese ancestry in 1988