The Nervous System and The Heart

Flashcards about the nervous system and the heart.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Brain and spinal cord

What are the two systems of the peripheral nervous system?

Somatic and Autonomic systems

Which system is responsible for voluntary movement?

Somatic system

Which system controls vital functions and involuntary movements?

Autonomic system

What are the two states of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and Parasympathetic (rest and relax)

What part of the spinal cord is the sympathetic nervous system?

Thoracic and Lumbar

What are the main neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

Dilates pupils, increases heart rate/bronchodilation, inhibits digestion, stimulates adrenal medulla

What kind of receptor is nicotinic?

Ionotropic

The nicotinic receptor is common to which two nervous systems?

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

What neurotransmitter binds to nicotinic receptors?

Acetylcholine

What happens when acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors?

Ion channels open

What activates the sympathetic nervous system?

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

What are the two types of receptors that the sympathetic nervous system uses?

Alpha and Beta receptors

Where are the B1 beta receptors located?

SA node, AV node, and atrial/ventricular cardiomyocytes

Where are the B2 beta receptors located?

Vascular smooth muscle/coronary circulation

Where are the A1 alpha receptors located?

Vascular smooth muscle

What is the effect of A1 receptor activation?

Vasoconstriction

Where are the A2 alpha receptors located?

Vascular smooth muscle

What is the effect of A2 receptor activation?

Vasodilation

What activates the parasympathetic nervous system?

Acetylcholine

What receptors does the parasympathetic system use in the heart?

M2 receptors

What receptors does the parasympathetic system use in the lungs?

M3 receptors

What number cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

10th (Cranial Nerve X)

Where does the vagus nerve run to and from?

Brain to large intestine

What does the vagus nerve innervate?

Sinoatrial node/AV node and ventricular conduction system