Protein Synthesis Quiz Study Guide
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15 Terms
RNA Polymerase
The enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from DNA.
Amino Acids
The building blocks of proteins.
Nucleus
The site of transcription in eukaryotic cells.
Codon
A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
Uracil (U)
A nitrogenous base found in RNA instead of thymine.
Thymine (T)
A nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA.
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
The RNA that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
The RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
Ribosome
The organelle where protein synthesis occurs.
Translation
The process of assembling amino acids into a protein
Transcription
The process of creating an mRNA strand from DNA.
Spliceosome
The enzyme complex that removes introns from pre-mRNA.
Frameshift Mutation
A mutation caused by insertion or deletion of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame.
Point Mutation (Substitution Mutation)
A single nucleotide change in a sequence.
Central Dogma of Biology
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein.
