HW: Chapter 8/Chapter 13, Bailey

Corrupt Bargain of 1824

The bargain where Henry Clay decided the Preisdent B/C HoR head

- Elected Adams who had less electoral votes than Jackson

John Quincy Adams

Disliked B/C corrupt bargain and "minority president", nationalist

- X federal worker layoffs

- X spoils system

John Quincy Adams Nationalism

1. National University

2. Astronomical observatory

- "Public fund waste, south"

3. Westward expansion

- X Natives

South Nationalism Fears

B/C government financial decisions

1. The Tariff

2. X Slavery

Jackson vs. Adams

Common man vs. Aristocrat

- Ironic B/C slave owner vs. Morals

- W/S vs. NE, Jackson won 178:83 in election of 1828

Andrew Jackson

AKA Old Hickory B/C of looks

1. 1st Western President

- X Virginia D

2. 1st President nominated at formal party convention

3. 2nd President W/O college education

- "Frontier aristocrat"

Spoils System

Jackson's system rewarding party supportrs w/ public office

- Problems:

1. President-party staff loyalty

2. X educated

- Illiterate common people

Tariff

Protected infant-industries against European competition

- Problems:

1. Increased price of goods

2. Retaliationary tariffs

Middle States: Liked Tariffs

NE: Liked Tariffs

South: X tariffs B/C decreased trade and retaliation

Tariff of 1828

AKA the Tariff of Abominations

- Increased Southern protests and possible succession B/C:

1. Sectionalism

2. Ending slavery fear

3. X states rights

Nullification Crisis

The crisis between SC legislature "nullies" and Union "submission men" to nullify the Tariff of 1828

- Result: Implemented Tariff of 1832, revisions of Tariff of 1828 but X satisfied

Columbia Nullification Convention (1830)

The convention where SC nullies v. Union discuss Nullification Crisis

- Result: Tariff of 1828 nullified in SC

- Response: Jackson military into SC

Compromise Tariff of 1833

The tariff by Calhoun and Clay gradually reducing the Tariff of 1832 by 10% over 8 years

- 1842 rates = 1816 rates

Force Bill of 1833

AKA the Bloody Bill, the bill stating the President has the authorization to use the army and navy to collect tariff duties

- Congress saved face

Second Columbia Convention

The convention where SC Calhounites v. SC Unionists meet to prevent war B/C unionists secretly gathered weapons

- Prevent civil war

Trail of Tears

The road that natives being expelled from their land took to the east of the Mississippi

- 1/4 Natives died

Indian Removal Act (1830)

The act transplanting Natives to the east of Mississippi

- Thru. Trail of Tears

Black Hawk War of 1832

The war B/T Sauk and Fox Braves w/ Black Hawk vs. Lt. Davis/volunteers

- B/C suspicious of white intentions

- Result: Native D

Seminole Runaways

Seminole Florida natives joined runaway black slaves to stay on land and fight back against expulsion (1838-1842)

- Osceola D (1837)

Jackson and Bank of US

X overall hate, but X monopoly B/C X paper money

- X private banker economic power

- X W. support B/C foreclosures

Bank War (1832)

The war B/T Jackson and Clay B/C Clay wanted to renew Bank of US charter 4 years early

- Election of 1832 issue

- Problem: Rechartering bill

- Jackson signed: Alenate W

- Jackson veto: X election, alenate wealthy

- Result: Veto as unconstitutional

- Presidential power = 2/3 Congrss

Anti-Masonic Party

The party founded in the Election of 1832 B/C X Masonic order and secret societies

Election of 1832

Jackson V, 219:49 against Clay

Bank of US Death

1. Jackson bought Bank of US

2. X Biddle deposit funds

- Siphone existing deposits to pay for gov. expenses

- Problem: Unconstitutional, went thru. 2 Treasury Secretaries to get support

Pet Banks

State banks Jackson gave surplus federal funds from the Bank of US B/C Jackson supporters

Wildcat Banks

Small, bare-bones banks

- "Chairs and a suitcase of printed money"

- Unreliable currency

Specie Circular

The decree stating all public land must be purchased with "hard" $

- Led to Panic of 1837

Whig Party

The anti-Jackson party founded by Clay, Webster, and Calhoun

1. Supported internal improvements

- X WW exp

- Public schools

2. Alienated people

ex. Accepted American System supporters, etc

3. Supported industry/manufacturing

4. For common man

Election of 1836

Favorite sons election, Van Buren V 170:124

Martin Van Buren

The 8th President of the US, intelligent

- "First-class second-rate man"

- "Bastard politician" B/C Jackson manipulation to get into office

Panic of 1837

Recession B/C

1. WW land borrowed capital gamble w/ wildcat banks and speculators

2. Jacksonian Finance issues

- Bank War

- Specie Circular

3. Decreased crop # B/C Hessian fly devistation

- Increased $ of grain

4. 2 British Bank Failures

- Call in foreign loans

Result:

1. Shutting down American/Pet Banks

- Held gov. funds

2. High $ goods

3. Decreased customs revenue

4. Increased employment

- X factories

5. Decreased public land sale

Whigs Panic of 1837

The Whig's response to the Panic of 1837

1. Bank credit expansion

2. Increase tariffs

3. Create internal improvement subsidies

Divorce Bill

Van Buren's controversial bill separating government from banking B/C Federal funds in private banks

- Goverment lock funds in safes, X popular

Mexico Independence

Independence in 1821 from Spain

Stephen Austin

The Mexico City regime grants this man a large land grant in Texas with the hope of him bringing over 300 families

- To be made Roman Catholic

- X liked Mexican ex-convict soldiers

Davy Crockett

Texas rifleman

James Bowie

Inventor of the Bowie Knife in Texas

Sam Houston

The former Tenessee governor in 1829 and 1st Republic of Texas president

Lone Star Rebellion

The fight for Texas independence v. Mexico, led by Cic Sam, Houston, against Santa Anna

The Battle of the Alamo (1836)

Am V, 13-day San Antonio seige

Battle of Goliad (1835)

American volunteers surrendered, labeled as "pirates'

Battle of San Jacinto (1836)

1300 Mexicans v. 900 Texans

- Am V, C Santa Annna

Election of 1840

Van Buren v. Whig Whilliam Henry Harrison

- Harrison V, 234:60

William Henry Harrison

"Old Tippercanoe" B/C issueless and enemyless, high native success

- From FFV

Whig Priorities

1. Expand economy

2. Stimulate economy

Democrat Priorities

1. Reentrenchment

2. X Bank of US

3. X aggressive corporations

- X market comeptition