Cells and Tissues Organisation of the Human Body

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to the structure and function of cells and tissues in the human body.

Tissue

A group of similar cells that functions together to carry out specialized activities.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, tubes, and cavities; forms glands.

Connective Tissue

Cells in a matrix of fibers and ground substance; includes bone and blood, supports and binds organs.

Muscle Tissue

Contractile cells (muscle fibers) responsible for movement.

Nervous Tissue

Conducting nerve cells and supportive neuroglia; detects changes and generates nerve impulses.

Chemical Level

The building blocks of the body; includes atoms and molecules.

Cellular Level

Basic structural and functional units of the body; approximately 200 types.

Organ Level

Structures with specific functions composed of two or more types of tissues.

System Level

Related organs with a common function, such as the cardiovascular system.

Integumentary System

Comprises the skin and its appendages; protects deeper tissues, regulates temperature, and produces vitamin D.

Muscular System

Consists of skeletal muscles, enables movement, controls entrances and exits of digestive and urinary systems.

Skeletal System

Composed of bones, joints, and cartilage; supports body structure and protects internal organs.

Nervous System

Control center of the body; includes the brain and spinal cord, manages voluntary and involuntary activities.

Endocrine System

Glands that regulate growth, metabolism, fluid balance, and reproductive functions through hormones.

Lymphatic System

Supports immune function; includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and spleen.

Cardiovascular System

Transports blood, nutrients, hormones, and waste; includes the heart and blood vessels.

Respiratory System

Facilitates gas exchange; includes lungs, trachea, and nasal cavity.

Digestive System

Responsible for nutrient breakdown and absorption; includes mouth, stomach, intestines.

Urinary System

Regulates blood volume, pH, and the elimination of waste; includes kidneys and bladder.

Reproductive System

Organ systems involved in producing offspring; includes male and female reproductive structures.

Eleven systems of the human body

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

The four basic tissue types

Epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous

The six levels of structural organisation

Molecules (chemical), Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ systems, Organisam

The main components of the integumentary system

Epidermis (outer), Dermis (middle), Hypodermis (inner fat layer)

The role of Erythropoietin (EPO)

A hormone primarily produced by kidneys that regulates red blood cell production, stimulates the bone marrow to create new blood cells which are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body