Anatomy Midterm Review

Which of the following increases base metabolic rate in the body

• Glucagon

• Thyroid Hormone

• Secretin

• Parathyroid Hormone

• Thyroid Hormone

What type of information synapses in the nucleus gracilis?

• proprioception from the legs

• motor information to the trunk

• pain from the arms

• temperature of the hands

• proprioception from the legs

Which one of the following would have the slowest conduction speed

• myelinated large diameter

• unmyelinated small diameter

• myelinated small dynamiter

• unmyelinated large diameter

• unmyelinated small diameter

At which location do upper motor neurons synapse with lower motor neurons?

• anterior horn of the spinal cord

• thalamus

• dorsal root ganglion

• sympathetic chain

• anterior horn of the spinal cord

The corticobulbar tract bilaterally innervate cranial nerves to head and neck in most cases, Which of the following is an exception to this rule

• CNII

• CN V

• CN XII

• CN X

• CN XII

What endocrine gland receives its blood supply from suprarenal arteries?

• ovary

• adrenal

• testicle

• thymus

• adrenal

Which of the following is NOT a direct target if anterior pituitary hormone?

• mammary glands

• thyroid gland

• kidneys

• adrenal cortex

• kidneys

Which of the following is a space or fluid in which you would NOT expect to find a hormone?

• duct

• blood plasma

• capillaries

• interstitial fluid

• duct

Which neurotransmitter is present at the somatic neuromuscular junction?

• Adrenaline

• glutamate

• NE

• ACh

• ACh

On/near/within with structure would you look to find basilar artery?

• in the transverse foramen of vertebrae

• between the left and right frontal lobes

• surface of the pons

• next to pituitary gland

• surface of the pons

Your stroke patient is having difficulty seeing. Which of the following is most likely to be occluded?

• lateral cerebral

• posterior cerebral

• anterior cerebral

• middle cerebral

• posterior cerebral

Which of the following is true regarding grey matter in the PNS?

• it is sometimes called a “tract”

• it is composed of axons

• it is found at the neuromuscular junction

• it exits in ganglia

• it exits in ganglia

Which of the following hormones would be expected to increase if you were studying all day for a test and skipped breakfast and lunch?

• insulin

• growth hormone

• glucagon

• calcitonin

• glucagon

Which of the following is part of the CNS?

• sensory receptors in the skin

• frontal lobe

• cranial nerve II

• sympathetic ganglion

• frontal lobe

Blood travelling to the circle of willis may travel through all of the following arteries EXCEPT for

• brachiocephalic trunk

• vertebral artery

• basilar artery

• external carotid artery

• external carotid artery

Which of the following is a physiological function of a hormone released by the posterior pituitary?

• egg and sperm maturation

• increase in thyroid level

• water retention

• decrease in calcium levels

• water retention

The _____ is the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, due to its control over secretory activities of the ___ gland

• thalamus, thyroid

• thalamus, pituitary

• hypothalamus, pituitary

• hypothalamus, thyroid

• hypothalamus, pituitary

A lesion to the tract in the imagine would result in an impairment of which of the following

• motor to trunk

• motor to trunk + limbs

• sensation of temperature

• proprioception form the trunk + limbs

• proprioception form the trunk + limbs

What types of information is contained by the ventral rami of the spinal nerve?

• sensory + motor

• motor, sensory and autonomic

• just motor

• autonomic

• motor, sensory and autonomic

Where do upper motor neurones destined to innervate the limbs originate?

• inferolateral portion of post central gyrus

• inferolateral portion of pre central gyrus

• superomedial portion of pre central gyrus

• superomedial portion of post central gyrus

• superomedial portion of pre central gyrus

Hypothalamic hormones travel via the primary plexus, the hypophyseal portal veins, and the secondary plexus, where they diffuse into the ____

• thalamus

• post pituitary

• ant pituitary

• neurohypophysis

• anterior pituitary

Which hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?

• inhibin

• progesterone

• relaxin

• luteinizing hormone

• inhibin

Which of the following nerves would Not help with eating?

• CN IX

• CN VII

• CN V

• CN XI

• CN XI

Which of the following best describes the term “dural sinus”

• the adherence of dura and arachnoid mater

• the space where CSF is produced

• a separation between the periosteal and meningeal dural layers

• a double layer of meningeal dura

• a separation between the periosteal and meningeal dural layers

Symptoms of Graves disease include

• decrease sweating, metabolism, regular HR

• increase sweating, decreased metabolism, irregular HR

• decrease in sweating, increase in metabolism, regular HR

• increase in sweating, increase in metabolism irregular HR

• increase in sweating, increase in metabolism irregular HR

Which of the following nerves innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?

• CN IV

• CN VI

• CN II

• CN III

• CN VI

A basilar skull fracture which injures the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone will directly affect release of which hormone?

• somatostatin

• calcitonin

• ADH

• aldosterone

• ADH

Which structure separates the frontal and temporal lobe?

• longitudinal fissure

• lateral fissure

• Pareto-occiptial sulcus

• central sulcus

• lateral fissure

Milk production in the mammary glands is initiated by

• relaxin

• inhibit

• ADH

• prolactin

• prolactin

Where do fibres of the sympathetic nervous system exit the spinal cord?

• brainstem region

• cervicothoracic region

• thoracolumbar region

• lumbosacral region

• thoracolumbar region

Two lobes of the thyopid are joined but a mass of tissue called?

• infundibulum

• parathyroid

• follicle

• isthmus

• isthmus

Which of the following is an adrenal gland hormone that is essential for life?

• NE

• Aldosterone

• Epinephrine

• Insulin

• aldosterone

Which of the following is not a cell found in your CNS?

• astrocytes

• Schwann

• oligodendrogolia

• Schwann

What is the primary function of the parathyroid gland?

• to regulate calcium levels

• to maintain homeostais

• receive hormonal signals from the hypothalamus

• to send hormonal signals to other endocrine glands

• to regulate calcium levels

Which is not a cell type of the pancreatic islets?

• beta

• F cells

• acinar

• delta

• acinar

Which endocrine gland arises from ectoderm?

• adrenal medulla

• pancreas

• thymus

• thyroid

• adrenal medulla

A 30 year old male experienced a spinal cord lesion at the level of L1. The posterior half of the spinal cord has been damaged (image), though the anterior portion remains intact. Which of the following symptoms would u expect to see?

• bilateral loss of motor. to anterior trunk

• loss of proprioception in legs

• bilateral loss of motor to arms

• loss of temperature sensation in feet

• loss of proprioception in legs

Which endocrine gland mimics the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

• hypothalamus

• adrenal cortex

• adrenal medulla

• parathyroid

• adrenal medulla

Which pathway would you expect the following neuron to belong to? 2 neuron pathway synapsing at a ganglion located in the PNS and sensitivity to both ACh and NE

• somatic sensory

• parasympathetic

• sympathetic

• somatic motor

• sympathetic

What is the function of the hypophyseal portal veins?

• supply blood to the primary plexus capillaries in the base of the hypothalamus

• carry hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary

• receiver anterior pituitary hormones as they are secreted

• receive posterior pituitary hormones via the plexus of the infundibular process

• carry hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary

A surplus of insulin resulting in the down regulation of insulin receptors is found in

• Type 1 diabetes

• kidney disease

• Type 2 diabetes

• diabetes mellitus

• Type 2 diabetes

Flexibility of the pubic symphysis is increased during pregnancy by

• estrogen

• inhibin

• relaxin

• progesterone

• relaxin

Which of the following hormones has the ovaries and testes as its target tissue?

• inhibit

• relaxin

• progesterone

• FSH

• FSH

Which of the following pairs are INCORRECTLY matched

• glucagon secreted by alpha cells

• insulin secreted by beta cells

• somatostatin screwed by delta cells

• pancreatic polypeptide, secreted by C cells

• pancreatic polypeptide, secreted by C cells

In which cerebella lobe would you find the primary somatosensory cortex?

• occipital

• parietal

• frontal

• temporal

• parietal

Which of the following is true regarding the DCML spinal tract?

• 2 neuron pathway

• provides ipsilateral innervation

• carries motor information

• fibres decussate at the medulla

• fibres decussate at the medulla

Which spinal tract carries information about temperature?

• anterior spinothalamic

• lateral spinothalamic

• anterior corticospinal

• lateral corticpsinal

• lateral spinothalamic

In which structure do fibres of the anterior corticospinal tract decussate?

• medulla

• thalamus

• spinal cord

• they don’t decussate

• spinal cord

In which lobe does the DCML originate?

• frontal

• parietal

• temporal

• occipital

• parietal

Your patient is unable to taste anything on the anterior 2/3 on their tongue. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

• hypoglossal

• glossopharyngeal

• trigeminal

• facial

• facial

Which nerve is also known as cranial nerve X?

• vestibulocochlear

• vagus

• accessory

• abducens

• vagus

Which of the following nerves carries only motor information

• olfactory

• trigeminal

• hypoglossal

• facial

• hypoglossal

Which structure creates CSF?

• arachnoid granulations

• choroid plexus

• dural sinuses

• cerebral aqueduct

• choroid plexus

Your patient has a blockage in his left anterior cerebral artery. Which of the following is most likely to be impaired?

• motor within left arm

• sensation within right leg

• sight in left eye

• hearing in right ear

• sensation within right leg

Which vessel is labeled in this diagram of the circle of willis?

• vertebral

Which of the following cell types is responsible for myelinating axons in the PNS?

• oligodendrocyte

• Schwann cells

• ependymal

• astrocytes

• Schwann cells

At what spinal level will you find conus medullaris?

• T4- 5

• T11-12

• L1-2

• L4-5

• L1-2

Which of the following features would help you distinguish between a somatic vs autonomic motor neuron?

• myelinated axon

• presence of acetylcholine

• synapse with a muscle cell

• origin at a peripheral ganglion

• origin at a peripheral ganglion

Which neurotransmitter is present at autonomic ganglia?

• Acetylcholine (ACh)

• Epinephrine (E)

• Norepinephrine (NE)

• Dopamine (D)

• Acetylcholine (ACh)Wh

Which of the following structures can be found in grey matter within the spinal cord?

• longitudinal motor tracts

• myelin

• sensory bodies

• glial cells

• glial cells

Your patient just received spinal anesthesia prior to surgery. Which structure was the last to be pierced by the anesthetist before they administered the drug?

• pia mater

• epidural fat

• subcutaneous fat

• ligamentum flavum

• epidural fat