Organelles

Organelle

part of cell that carries out a specific function

Nucleus

• contains genetic information in chromosomes
• control center of cell
• membrane bound
• found in eukaryotes

Nucleolus

• produces ribosomes
• in nucleus

vesicle

• membrane bound sac that transports materials between organelles
• short-term storage
• plant and animal
• eukaryotes

vacuole

• store materials like salt, water, proteins, and carbohydrates
• long term storage
• large membrane enclosed
• sack like
• in eukaryotes

ribosome

• produces proteins from DNA instructions
• in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

chloroplast

• photosynthesis happens here
• surrounded by two membranes
• plant and some other organisms
• eukaryotes

cell wall

• surrounds the cell membrane
• supports, protects, and shapes cell
• only in plant, fungi, protist, and bacteria
• in most prokaryotes and some eukaryotes

cell membrane

• surrounds cell
• maintains homeostasis
• regulates what comes in and out
• all cells

Golgi apparatus

• modifies, sorts, and packs proteins from ER to store or release from cell
• membrane stacks
• eukaryotes

mitochondria

• powerhouse of the cell
• creates energy for cell from food
• cell energy (ATP)
• two membranes
• completely different DNA from rest of cell
• eukaryotes

cytoplasm

• contains organelles
• all cells

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• synthesis proteins
• membrane system close to nucleus
• ribosomes on surface
  -eukaryotes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• synthesis lipids, carbohydrates, detoxify drugs, etc.
• membrane system
• eukaryotes

Lysosomes

• clean up cell, digests food and worn out parts
• break down lipids, carbs, proteins
• membrane enclosed
• eukaryotes
• animal and some plant cells

Cytoskeleton - microtubule

• movement
• hollow tubes
• makes flagella and cilia

Cytoskeleton - microfilament

• maintain cell shape(skeleton)

• cell division

• tiny rods

• eukaryotes and prokaryotes

flagella

• long, whip-like structures used to propel cell forward
• eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
• animals not plants

cilia

• short, hair-like structures used to sense things or move in waves to sweep things along cell's surface
• only in eukaryotic cells