topic 2 -Respiration

Respiration

is a chemical reaction that releases energy.

mitochondria

where respiration occurs

exothermic reaction

a reaction that transfers energy to the surroundings by heating

aerobic respiration

Acts in the presence of oxygen. Combines with glucose in the mitochondrion

word equation -aerobic respiration

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

symbol equation - aerobic respiration

during exercise

the muscles require more energy as they are contracting more often

anaerobic respiration

acts in the absence of oxygen. uses glucose

anaerobic respiration - word equation

glucose -> lactic acid

anaerobic respiration - symbol equation

fermentation - plants

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

starch

Large carbohydrate molecule made of lots of glucose molecules. Used for storage in plant cells.

cellulose

Large carbohydrate molecule made of lots of glucose molecules. Used to strengthen plant cell walls.

glycogen

Large carbohydrate molecule made of lots of glucose molecules. Used for storage in animal cells.

Oxygen debt

The extra oxygen required after vigorous physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid back to glucose

Lipid

Large molecule made of 3 fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule. Used for storage in both plants and animals.

Protein

Large molecule made of lots of amino acids. Needed for growth and repair.

Nitrate ions

A type of mineral ion needed by plants to make amino acids (and proteins)

Synthesis

The making or building of large molecules from smaller ones

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism