Respitory

Gas exchange

Oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer at alveoli.

Movement of air

Air travels to and from the lungs.

Protection

Prevents dehydration, pathogens, temperature changes.

Sound production

Involves speech, singing, nonverbal communication.

Olfactory receptors

Aids in smell detection.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs for gas exchange.

Respiratory mucosa

Lining of the nasal cavity.

Cilia

Move mucus and trap particles in air.

Pharynx

Shared passage for air and food.

Larynx

Voice box containing vocal cords.

Trachea

Windpipe with C-shaped cartilages.

Bronchi

Branches of trachea leading to lungs.

Bronchioles

Small airways connecting to lung lobules.

Lungs

Organs with lobes for gas exchange.

Pneumothorax

Air in pleural cavity causing lung collapse.

Hemothorax

Blood in pleural cavity.

Internal respiration

Gas exchange within body cells.

External respiration

Breathing and gas exchange in lungs.

Pulmonary ventilation

Inhalation and exhalation process.

Compliance

Ease of lung expansion.

Partial pressure

Pressure exerted by individual gas components.

Oxygen transportation

Oxygen carried dissolved or bound to hemoglobin.

Carbon dioxide transportation

CO2 carried dissolved, bound, or as carbonic acid.

Respiratory control

Regulated by CO2 sensitivity in receptors.

Aging effects

Reduced rib flexibility and vital capacity.

Emphysema

Alveolar damage impairing lung function.