Comprehensive Guide to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript Concepts

HTML

HyperText Markup Language

What is HTML?

A markup language

What is used to view HTML documents?

Web browser

Is HTML case-sensitive?

No

tag

Wraps the entire HTML document

Container tag

Tag used to insert a line break

Tag used to display a horizontal rule

---

Tag defines bold text

Both and

Emphasizes text (usually italicized)

Tag used for underlined text

Change the background color of a page

Attribute aligns text in HTML

align

Tag used to create a hyperlink

Attribute in the tag specifies the link address

href

Tag used to display an image

alt attribute in the tag

Provides alternative text

Tag defines a row in a table

in a table

Defines table header cell

Attribute defines the number of columns a cell should span

colspan

Tag used for an unordered list

bullet type

Circle

Tag defines each list item

Tag used to create an input field

tag

Creates a multi-line text field

Tag defines a drop-down list

Tag used to embed audio in HTML5

Attribute allows an audio file to play automatically

autoplay

inside a

Specifies alternate videos

If a browser doesn't support the

The content between the tags is shown

The declaration defines the document type and version of HTML being used.

HTML uses paired tags like

...

to define paragraphs.

bgcolor and text

bgcolor and text are the correct HTML attributes for setting background and text color respectively (in older HTML versions).

The alt attribute provides alternate text for images.

href is the attribute used in anchor tags to specify the destination URL.

Ordered lists use

and
1. tags.

---

---

creates a horizontal line and has no role in form inputs.

Using multiple tags ensures cross-browser compatibility by providing different video formats (e.g., .mp4, .webm).

is an empty element in HTML and does not require a closing tag, though
is acceptable in XHTML.

CSS

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used for styling HTML elements.

Internet

The Internet is primarily composed of a collection of wide- and local-area networks.

Internet Governance

The Internet is primarily run by a collection of various organizations and entities, not a single government.

Who primarily runs the Internet today?

C. Private companies

Why is it difficult to represent the Internet accurately?

C. It is constantly changing with new networks added and removed

What distinguishes the Internet from an Intranet?

C. Internet is public and global; Intranet is private and limited to organizations

What are the core components of the World Wide Web (WWW)?

B. HTML, HTTP, Web Browsers

What is the primary function of a web browser?

C. Interface between client and server, requesting web documents

What does "front-end" in web development typically refer to?

C. User interface and design

Which of the following is associated with back-end technologies?

C. Databases and server logic

What is a key reason to avoid busy or loud backgrounds in web design?

C. They make text hard to read

What should be prioritized over flashy web design?

B. Usability

How many seconds should a web page take to load on dial-up for optimal user experience?

C. 8 seconds

Why is consistency important in web design?

C. It provides a cohesive and familiar user experience

What can be varied slightly to indicate different sections without losing consistency?

B. Color schemes

What should a website prioritize when displaying information?

C. Accessibility and availability of content

What contributes to a website's visual appeal?

C. Quality graphics and consistency

What font type is most readable on screens?

C. Sans serif

Why should underlining be avoided in body text?

C. It may confuse readers who assume it's a hyperlink

What should be included when presenting a document longer than 10 paragraphs?

C. Table of contents

You're setting up a company network that should only be accessible by employees. Which type of network should you use?

B. Intranet

A user is confused why some websites look different on their browser compared to others. What's a likely reason?

C. Not all browsers support the same HTML/CSS standards

Browser compatibility

Ensures your site works across different browsers.

Usability

Key in web design before aesthetic features.

Simplicity in design

Flashy elements can distract and frustrate users.

Content layout and structure

Good content layout improves readability and access to information.

Consistency in design

Creates a cohesive and user-friendly experience.

Page load time

Best practice recommends pages should load within 8 seconds for dial-up users.

Table of contents

Aids navigation and enhances user experience for long content.

Sans-serif font

Cleaner and more legible on screens.

Used to embed audio in HTML5.

src attribute

Links to the actual audio file in the

Used to embed video content in HTML5.

Fallback content in

Displayed if a browser does not support the

tag

Used to define video subtitles in HTML5.

CSS

Stands for Cascading Style Sheet.

Selector in CSS rule

Part that comes before the curly braces.

Correct CSS rule definition

p { color: red; }.

CSS file extension

The correct file extension for a CSS file is .css.

Navigation clarity

Making navigation clear and intuitive is a priority for user experience.

Flashy backgrounds

May distract from the content and affect usability.

Long article formatting

Including a table of contents with subheadings helps readers skim.

Font choice for body text

Sans-serif fonts are recommended for better screen readability.

Design principle violation

Using different layouts, colors, and fonts on every page violates consistency.

User complaints about information

Improving content layout can resolve issues with finding information.

Animated backgrounds

Should be avoided as they may distract users.

ID selector

The symbol used for an ID selector is #.

Class selector

The symbol used for a class selector is .

Universal selector

The selector that targets every element on the page is *.

Grouping selectors

To apply the same CSS style to multiple tags at once, group them with commas.

Padding

The space between the content and the border is called Padding.

Float property

The CSS property used to move elements left or right and allow text to wrap is float.

Clear property

The property used to ensure floated elements don't overlap the next element is clear.

Width auto

To set the width of an element to automatically fit the content or container, use width: auto;.

Text color

The property that changes the color of text in CSS is color.

Hover pseudo-class

The pseudo-class that changes a link's appearance when hovered over is a:hover.

Text decoration

The property that underlines text in CSS is text-decoration.

Audio tag

To allow users to listen to audio files directly from your page, use the

Multiple source tags

To ensure a video works across different browsers, use multiple tags with different formats.

Group selector

To give all

and

headings the same color efficiently, use a group selector like h1, h2 { color: yellow; }.

ID selector for unique headline

To style a unique headline only once on your page, use the ID selector (#headline).