organic compounds

Hydrophilic

Water loving I soluble

Hydrophobic

Water hating / insoluble

Organic compound

Carbon + hydrogen (proteins, carbohydrates lipids, nuclei c acid

Carbohydrates

Cho sugar & starches

Mono saccharides

Hexose: glucose fructose galactose

Penrose : deoxyribose ribose

Disaccharide des

sucrose ( sugar cane or table sugar) = glucose + fructose

Maltose (malt sugar) = glucose + glucose

Lactose (sugar in milk) = galactose + glucose

Glycogen

Polysac caride storage of animal tissue

Starch

Polysaccharide storage of plant tissue

Lipids

Chop, fat loving, water hating

Saturate d

Solid, long fatty acid chain

Unsaturated

Liquid, shorter fatty acid chain

Triglyceride

Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chain also has 3 water molecules in product

Adipose

Fat is long term energy source, bottom layer of skin

Phospholipids

Phosphorus containing group head + glycerol backbone + 2 fatty acid tails

Amphipathic

Unlike fats (hydrophobic), have a polar (hydrophilic) head, have a non-polar ( hydrophobic ) tail

Steroids

Basically cholesterol needed for cell membrane structure making steroid hormones and bile salts

Eicosanoids

Prostaglandin hormones makes you feel pain. Cyclogenase endorses pg

Aspirin lessens cyclogenase

Collagen

Give strength to bones, tendons, and ligaments

Keratin

Structural protein of hair and -nails like playdhe structure

Actin und myosin

Movemen + muscle

Enzymes

Catalysis (ase)

Hemoglobin x lipoproteins

Transport (hemoglobin in red blood cells have oxygen) citcome from bone marrow

Protiens hormones and insulin

Metabolism (except sex hormones)

Antibodies

Immunity (comes from white blood cells) #1 blood protein

Plasma proteins (albumin)

Buffets (come from liver)

Dehydration synthesis

The acid group of one amino acid bonded to the amine group of the next with a lass of a water molecule

Hydrolysis

Peptide bonds linking amino acids together are broken when water is added to the bond

Primary structure

Sequence of amino acid formed into polypeptide chain

Secondary structure

Forms a-helices and B sheets

A helices

Chains coiled into spiral stabilized with hydrogen bond

B sheet

Zig-zag pleated sheets with hydrogen bond

Tertiary structure

Folded up to make a ball then the way it folds is specific and determine by primary structure

Quaternary structure

2 or more tertiary forming to make protein

Osmolarity

Tota l concentration of all solute particles in solution

Hyposmatic

One solution has less solute on one side

Hyperosmatic

One solution has more. Solute on one side

Isosmatic

Osmolarity becoming equal on both sides

Osmotic C pressure

Tendency for osmosis to flow it’s measured by the greater difference, the more pressure needed to move

Tonicity

Human cell response to osmosis

Isotonic

Cell is normal size solute in cell and out are equal

Hypertonic

Solute out of cell is hella than the one inside so all the water inside goes out to join the fun water and cell shrivels up

Hypotonic

Hella solute inside cell all water move inside and cell swells and burst