Earth Science Midterm

Observation

Gathered using our five senses.

Inference

An explanation for an observation you have made.

100,000 decimeters

How many decimeters in 10 km?

mass/volume

What is the formula for density?

Independent Variable

Can manipulate the outcome.

Dependent Variable

Depends the experiments conditions.

More dense items will sink, less will float

How do you know an object is more or less dense than water.

3%

How much water on Earth is considered freshwater?

Mesosphere

What is the coldest layer of the atmosphere?

Greenwich, England

Where does the Prime Meridian pass through?

23.5 degrees north

What is the latitude of the Tropic of Cancer?

23.5 degrees south

What is the latitude of the Tropic of Capricorn?

66.5 degrees north

What is the latitude of the Arctic Circle?

northern/southern hemisphere

Where are the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn located?

WEEL (West Earlier East Later)

What is the rule for latitude and time change?

Smaller Holes

How do you know if you reached the top of the mountain on a map?

V-Shape

How can you determine the direction of water flow on a topographic map?

Northern Hemisphere

What hemisphere are you currently located in?

Every 15 degrees equals one hour

How can you determine the number of degrees of longitude by the amount of time zones difference between 2 spots on Earth?

South

What direction is the sun always shining from in Pennsylvania?

Revolution

The movement of an object around another object

Rotation

The spinning of Earth on its axis

Foucault pendulum

What is the evidence of the rotation of Earth?

June

When is the sun directly over the Tropic of Cancer?

67 degrees

What angle does the sun make with the Equator during our Summer in the Northern Hemisphere?

Direct Rays of Sun

How does the "angle of insolation" influence the surface temperature ?

no food, water, or air

Why can a human not survive on the surface of the moon?

They get the least direct sunlight

Why can a human not survive on the surface of the moon?

Rotation

What causes the seasons?

nitrogen and oxygen

What is our atmosphere made up of?

Thermosphere

What layer of the atmosphere protects us from gamma rays?

Cools

What happens to the temperature as you go up in the troposphere?

Troposphere

What is the densest layer of the atmosphere?

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

What are the layers of the atmosphere and what layer do we live in? What layer is ozone located?

UV rays

What does ozone protect us from?

pressure decreases

How does the air pressure change as you go higher in the atmosphere?

Algae

What is responsible for generating much of the oxygen in the atmosphere?

Conductor

A material that allows heat and electricity to pass through it.

Insulator

A material that does not conduct heat well

conduction, convection, radiation

What are the methods in which heat transfers?

heat capacity

The ability of a material to absorb energy and not change temperature

A cooling effect

What effect can volcanic eruptions have on the atmosphere and climate?

Coriolis effect

The effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents.

Uneven heating of Earth’s surface

What causes wind to begin to blow?

Westerlies

Winds that blow from west to east

30-60 degrees latitude

Where are westerlies found?

Hadley, Polar and Ferrel cells

What are the three main circulation cells on Earth?

Good weather

What weather does high pressure bring?

Bad weather

What weather does low pressure bring?

Radio Waves

What wavelengths of Electromagnetic Energy are safe for humans to be exposed to?

Front

The edge of an air mass moving into our area

Weather

Mix of events that happens each day in the atmosphere

Climate

Average weather in a place over several decades

Troposphere

Were weather occurs.

Severe thunderstorms

What type of weather forms around cold fronts?