A2 Business Formulae

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35 Terms

1
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Absenteeism rate

number of days absent / total workdays x 100

2
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Accounting Rate of Return

average annual profit / average investment x 100

3
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Acid Test Ratio

liquid assets / current liabilities

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Annual Depreciation

original cost - residual value / expected useful life

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Average Inventory

inventory start + inventory end / 2

6
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Average Investment

initial capital cost + residual capital value / 2

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Capital employed (%):

non current liabilities + shareholders equity = issued shares + reserves 

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Cost of Sales

opening inventories + purchases - closing inventories

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Current Ratio

current assets / current liabilities

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Dividend Cover Ratio

profit for year / annual dividends

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Dividend Per Share

total annual dividends / total issued shares

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Dividend Yield Ratio

dividend per share / market share price x 100

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Earnings Per Share

profit for year / total issues shares 

14
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Free Float

estimated next activity - duration - estimated this activity

15
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Gearing Ratio

non current liabilities / capital employed x 100

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Gross Profit

revenue - cost of sales

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Gross Profit Margin Ratio (%):

gross profit / revenue x 100

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Income Elasticity of Demand

percentage change in demand / percentage change in income

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Liquid Assets

current assets - inventories

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Market Share

sales of business / total market sales x 100

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Net Book Value

original cost - accumulated depreciation

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Net Realisable Value

existing inventory value - cost of selling

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Operating Profit Margin Ratio

operating profit / revenue x 100

24
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Additional Months for Payback Period

additional net cash flow needed / annual cash flow x 12

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Price Earnings Ratio

market share price / earnings per share

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Price Elasticity of Demand

percentage change in demand / percentage change in price

27
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Promotional Elasticity of Demand

percentage change in demand / percentage change in promotional spending

28
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Rate of Inventory Turnover

cost of sales / average inventory

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Reserve

shareholders’ equity - share capital

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Return on Capital Employed Ratio

operating profit / capital employed x 100

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Total Float

latest finishing time - duration - earliest starting time

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Total Revenue

selling price x quantity sold

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Trade Payable Turnover Days

trade payables / credit purchases x 365

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Trade receivables (days) 

trade receivables / credit sales x 365 

35
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Working Capital

current assets - current liabilities