ap euro histroy- medieval europe reading quiz

Alexandria

City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras.

Ancient Greece

Location was where the present day country of Greece is. It is famous for types of columns in architecture. The acropolis and the Parthenon. First democratic form of government

Angles

Germanic tribe that migrated from Central Europe into England (along with the Saxons)

Athens

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

Atlantic

After 1500, world economic activity gradually began to shift toward this body of water, noncontributing to the rise of Western European colonialism and economic dominance in the world.

Black Death

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

Bourgeoisie

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

Byzantine Empire

(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.

Catholic Church

Branch of Christianity established in 1054 and establishes itself in Western Europe. Noted for its separation from the political sphere, celibacy in its clergy, and instance of the bishop of Rome, or pope, as its ultimate authority in Christian belief and practice.

Charlemagne

800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy. His palace was at Aachen in central Europe

Classical Texts

Came from ancient Greece and Roman that introduced up new political and scientific thoughts. For example, public education, rights of citizens, legal systems.

Constantinople

City founded as the second capital of the Roman Empire; later became the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Christian capital.

Crusades

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Dark Ages

Term for the Early Middle Ages or occasionally the entire Middle Ages, in Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire that characterises it as marked by economic, intellectual and cultural decline.

Eastern Orthodox

The Christian religion of the Byzantine Empire in the middle east that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire. The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities.

Emperor Constantine

Founded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor; issued the Edit of Milan in 313, granting religious toleration throughout the empire.

Excommunication

the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Fief

Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service

Franks

Germanic people who lived and held power in Gaul. Their leader was Clovis and he would later bring Christianity to the region. By 511 the Franks had united into one kingdom and they controlled the largest and strongest parts of Europe.

Great Britain

Great Britain is an island separated from the European mainland. Its long history is evident in prehistoric sites such as Neolithic Stonehenge and medieval castles like those at Warwick, Dover and Caernarfon. Roman ruins include Hadrian's Wall, which once divided Roman Britain from the northern Scottish Lowlands.

Greece and Rome

The Renaissance was considered a rebirth of learning and culture from these two classical civilizations.

Greek

Greek scholars taught their language and literature, as well as the art and architecture of ancient Greece, to those in Western Europe who were eager to learn. This influx of knowledge had a profound impact on artistic production during the Renaissance.

Guild System

The organization of artisanal production into trade-based associations, or guilds, each of which received a monopoly over its trade and the right to train apprentices and hire workers. Stopped training workers when there was enough.

Gutenberg Printing Press

Used to spread ideas of the Reformation and the Renaissance; First document printed was the Bible; Led to the growth of literacy.

Hadrians Wall

In present day Scotland, built to keep barbarian invaders from Roman Britain. Punctuated with forts, customs stops, signal posts and on either side, a 30 foot moat for added protection. Soldiers were posted on its top which functioned as a road. Responsible for bringing thousands of Roman soldiers to Britain.

Holy Roman Empire

Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. So decentralized that it played a role in perpetuating the fragmentation of central Europe. It lasted from 962 to 1806.

Humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements.

Hundred Years War

War between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence. Originated from British claims to the French throne. (1337 to 1453)

Interdiction

Sentence imposed by the powerful Catholic Church forbidding a person or place, and sometimes even an entire country, from receiving church privileges or participating in church functions.

John McCormick

A Cool Dude

Lord

In feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals.

Luke Skywalker

The hero; called to join The Rebellion

Mediterranean

Where The Renaissance Started

Mesopotamia

A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.

Middle Ages

Also known as the medieval period, the time between the collapse of the Roman Empire in the fifth century AD and the beginning of the Renaissance in the fourteenth century.

Middle East

Geo-Political designation of the area stretching from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the western side of the Indian subcontinent. Consists of countries such as Israel, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt.

Monks

A member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. In the monasteries where devout monks had withdrawn from the corruption and violence of the outside world, they preserved the ancient writings of the advanced civilizations of Greece and Rome

Muslims

Followers of the religion of Islam

Noble

belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristocratic.

Northern Africa

Ottoman Empire

Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, due to invasion by the Ottoman Empire, they were based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe.

Patrons

A person who supports artists, especially financially. Commissioned artists to work on their idea for an artpiece.

Persia

An empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

Pope Gregory Vll

Envisioned the dream of a new Roman church called Christendom. Was head of catholic church and the papal states.

Pope Leo lll

Crowned Charlemagne the first Holy Roman Emperor

Pope Urban ll

Pope who called for the first crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims after the Turks began to restrict religious pilgrimages and persecute Christians in the Middle East.

Renaissance

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome.

Rick Moranis

Canadian actor, comedian, musician, songwriter, writer and producer. He appeared in the sketch comedy series Second City Television in the 1980s and several Hollywood films.

Roman Catholic Church

Church established in western Europe during the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages with its head being the Bishop of Rome or pope.

Roman Catholicism

A branch of Christianity that developed in the western Roman Empire and that recognized the Pope as its supreme head. Very important during the medieval period.

Roman Empire

Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.

Roman Republic

The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.

Saxons

Group of Germanic peoples whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country near the North Sea coast of northern Germania, in what is now Germany. In the late Roman Empire, the name was used to refer to Germanic coastal raiders, and in a similar sense to the later "Viking".

Scholasticism

This sought to synthesize the beliefs and values of Christianity with the logical rigor of Greek philosophy. Everything you learn supports reasoning. Founded by St. Thomas Aquinas.

Secular

Non-religious

Serfs

People who gave their land to a lord and offered their servitude in return for protection from the lord.

Silk Road

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire.

St. Thomas Aquinas

Influential Italian philosopher and founder of scholasticism. Thomas was a prominent proponent of natural theology and the father of a school of thought. He argued that God is the source of the light of natural reason and the light of faith.

Syria

Came under the control of the Crusaders and was part of the Ottoman Empire from the early fifteen hundreds until the end of the 19th century.

The Great Schism

The official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054.

Tatooine

Luke Skywalker's home where he is a water farmer

Turkey

The Turks were not only the best warriors of the medieval Muslim world, but also proved their metal against outsiders such as the Mongols and European crusaders, besting both in most of their encounters.

Damascus

The center of a flourishing craft industry, specializing in swords and lace.

Egpyt

One of the most important commercial centers of the medieval world.